地形对苹果园近地面微环境的影响

为给苹果园管理提供参考,以甘肃省不同地形(川地、半山坡、山顶)条件下的苹果园为研究对象,对其生育期(4-9月)近地面气温、空气相对湿度、土温、土壤水分含量进行了动态监测。结果表明:从果园0~25cm土层土温的季节性变化来看,随着季节的变化,果园表层(0~25cm)土壤温度逐渐增高,在7月最高,随后逐渐降低;在不同地形果园中,川地果园增温较早,其次是半山坡果园,山顶果园增温较慢,这说明果园土壤温度随海拔高度的升高而降低;从土壤剖面水分含量来看,川地果园和半山坡果园土壤剖面水分含量变异较大,山顶果园土壤剖面水分含量变异较小,山顶果园0~2、2~5、5~10cm土层土壤水分含量与降雨量间具有显著的正相关性,且果树根系使得土壤剖面水分含量趋向匀质化。

Effects of landforms on microenvironment near ground in apple orchard

In order to provide some references for apple orchard management,using apple orchards under different landforms (valley,semi-hillside,mountaintop) conditions in Gansu Province as study objects,air temperature near ground,air relative humidity,soil temperature and soil water content were dynamically monitored during apple trees growth (from April to September).The results showed that on the part of seasonal change of soil temperature in 0-25 cm soil layer,it was increased gradually with seasons,reached the highest value in July,and then was gradually decreased. In orchards at different landforms,soil temperature in valley orchard was the earliest increased,followed by semihillside orchard,it was the slowest increased in mountaintop orchard.That indicated that soil temperature in orchard was decreased with altitude height rising.On the part of water content in soil profile,it had greater variation in valley and semi-hillside orchards,but it had less variation in mountaintop orchard.Rainfall showed a significantly positive correlation with water contents in 0-2,2-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers of mountaintop orchard,and water content in soil profile could be homogenized by tree root system.