基于PID控制的小麦智能播种机研制与试验

针对小麦播种机工作时地轮打滑和手动播量调整不精准等问题,研发一种基于PID控制的小麦智能播种机。该播种机控制系统工作时,由速度传感器获取播种机行进速度,根据行进速度、亩播量及播种机相关参数,计算排种轮转速的给定值,利用PID控制器实现对排种轮转速的控制。室内试验结果表明：播种机在不同作业条件下实际亩播量与设定亩播量误差均在2%以下,满足小麦精量播种的农艺要求。在中速和中高速作业条件下,智能排种系统控制精度最高,稳定性好。田间试验结果表明：小麦播种机的实际亩播量与设定亩播量之间最大误差为2.33%,略大于室内试验结果,主要是由田间作业环境等因素造成的。研制的基于PID控制的小麦智能精量播种机能有效提高播种精度。

Development and Test of Intelligent Wheat Planter Based on PID Control

Aiming at the problems of ground wheel slippage and inaccurate manual sowing amount adjustment during wheat planter operation, a wheat intelligent planter based on PID control was developed. When the planter control system is working, the speed sensor obtains the traveling speed of the planter, calculates the given value of the speed of the seed wheel according to the travel speed, mu sowing volume and the relevant parameters of the planter, and uses the PID controller to control the speed of the seed wheel. The results of the laboratory test show that the error between the actual mu sowing amount and the set mu sowing amount of the planter under different operating conditions is less than 2%, which meets the agronomic requirements of wheat precision sowing. Under the conditions of medium speed and medium and high speed, the intelligent seed removal system has the highest control accuracy and good stability. The field test results show that the maximum error between the actual mu sowing amount of the wheat planter and the set mu sowing amount is 2.33%, which is slightly larger than the indoor test results, mainly caused by the field operation environment and other factors. The developed intelligent precision planter for wheat based on PID control can effectively improve the sowing accuracy.