A comparison of litterfall and element fluxes in even aged Norway spruce,sitka spruce and beech stands in Denmark |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;2. Fudan-Tyndall Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;1. Department of Environmental Studies and Agriculture, Beit Berl College, Doar beit Berl, Israel;2. Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell''Ambiente (DISPAA), Università degli Studi di Firenze, P.le delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy;4. Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse – C.N.R., via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Firenze, Italy;1. INRA, UMR 1391 ISPA, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;2. Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, 33170 Gradignan, France;3. CNPF-IDF, service R&D du Centre national de la propriété forestière, 6 Parvis des Chartrons, 33075-BORDEAUX Cedex, France;1. University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, POB 35, FI-40014, Finland;2. Finnish Environment Institute, Biodiversity Unit, POB 140, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland;3. Jyvaskyla University Museum, POB 35, FI-40014, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland;1. Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;2. Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Center, Edmonton, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Litterfall was investigated in three even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies), sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands on a nutrient poor-soil in Southern Denmark. Dry weights and N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca, Na, Al, and Fe concentrations and fluxes were examined in litterfall fractions. Foliage litter amounted to 90% of total litterfall. The tree stands showed a similar mean annual litterfall. In the spruce stands, annual litterfall was correlated negatively with the current year increment and positively with the previous year increment. Annual litterfall in beech was constant during the 6 study years whereas Norway spruce and sitka spruce showed large fluctuations between years caused by drought, spruce aphid infestations and probably sea salt stress. Norway spruce responded with a long lasting elevated needle loss. Sitka spruce responded to infestations with premature needle loss during short periods. The presence of a large syrphid (Coccinellidae) population was important in regulating aphid (Elatobium abietinum) population density. The between-year variation in element concentrations of litterfall was small whereas variations during the year were large. Interspecific levels were recognized: Norway spruce>beech>sitka spruce. High concentrations in Norway spruce were ascribed to a combination of drought, sea salt stress and elevated transpiration. In sitka spruce, aphid infestations reduced the litterfall N content. Sitka spruce showed the smallest amount of base cation fluxes with litterfall. In contrast, spruce and beech exhibited even litterfall element fluxes. Litterfall studies revealed reduced vitality in the non-native spruce stands and underlined the perception of a healthy stand of native beech. |
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