环境铅镉污染对动物健康影响的研究

 分析了白银矿区周围农田土壤、灌溉用水、牧草、农作物、粮食和动物全血、被毛及组织中12种矿物元素的含量，并检测了当地动物组织器官机能和结构的变化。结果表明，工厂在冶炼过程中已造成Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn对周围环境不同程度的污染，其含量极显著高于对照区（P <0.01），其中牧草中Pb、Cd的平均含量是对照区的9和680倍，粮食中为10和35倍，并通过食物链系统导致马和羊发生Pb-Cd联合中毒，呈现典型的低色素小红细胞性贫血和肝脏、肾脏及肺脏等实质器官结构和功能的损伤。同时，动物性食品中Pb、Cd蓄积直接威胁食用者的健康安全。提示动物体内Pb、Cd含量的分析可作为监测环境重金属污染的标识。

Effect of Environmental Lead and Cadmium Pollution on Animal Health

The concentrations of twelve minerals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, As, F, Mo, Se, Mn, Ca, P) in soils, water, forages, crops, grains and blood, hair and tissues of animals were measured in surrounding of the Baiyin mining area. The function and construction of tissues were studied in affected animals. The result indicated that the waste gas and waste water produced in metals melting in factories caused Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn pollution to some extent in the surrounding environment. The concentrations of these elements were significantly higher as compared with those in the normal area (P<0.01). The contents of Pb, Cd were 9 and 680 times in forages, respectively, 10 and 35 times in grain as compared with the control area. The anemia occurred in affected animals belongs to a hypochromic and microcytic pattern. Pathological changes were characterized by the dysfunction and structural lesion in parenchymatous organs. It is therefore suggested that the disease of livestock in this region is caused by lead and cadmium poisoning, mainly due to environment heavy metal pollution by industry activities. Meanwhile, accumulations of Pb and Cd in animal food would impair man's health. Thus it can be seen that knowledge of Pb and Cd concentrations in livestock is important for assessing the effects of pollutions on domestic animals and