间套作防治作物土传枯萎病的研究进展

作物间套作是农业生态系统中常见的一种种植模式。在这种生产模式中,两种或多种作物不仅可以充分利用光、热、水、气、肥等资源,提高单位土地面积的生产力,而且还会影响植物病虫害发生。连作引发的枯萎病是影响很多作物减产的重要原因。通过合理间套作,可以有效地提高作物的抗病能力,以达到自然控制枯萎病的目的。本文首先综述了国内外不同作物间作模式对土传枯萎病的防治效果;其次,从田间小气候改变、寄主形态及生理改变、诱导寄主抗性、养分高效利用、抑制病原菌及土壤微生物多样性方面对控害机制的最新进展进行了总结。在此基础上,对当前间作防控土传病害的局限性进了讨论,并对未来利用不同作物间作防治植物土传病害的研究方向及间作防控土传病害研究需要关注的热点问题进行了展望。

Advances in Fusarium Wilt Disease Suppression by Intercropping

Intercropping is a common cropping system strategy in agricultural ecosystems. In intercropping system, two or more crops growing in close proximity could not only improve the crop yield per unit by fully utilize the resources including light, heat, water, air and fertilizer, but also influence the incidence rate and severity of diseases and pests. Fusarium wilt disease caused by continuous cropping lead to yield decrease in many crops. It is reported that fusarium wilt disease could be controlled naturally by improving crop resistance against diseases in intercropping systems. Firstly, we reviewed phenomenological research comparing fusarium wilt disease incidence in monocrops and intercrops, intercropping reduced disease in most of the studies. The mechanisms by which intercrops affect disease dynamics include modification of microclimate, especially temperature and moisture; changes in host morphology and physiology; induced resistance in hosts; effective use of plant nutrition; direct pathogen inhibition and improved microbial diversity in soil. The limitation in using intercropping to control soilborne diseases is discussed and the research prospects in the future and hotspots concerning disease control by intercropping are highlighted.