疏枝和刻伤对山莓果实产量和品质的影响

【目的】探讨疏枝和刻伤对山莓果实产量和品质的影响，寻找适宜的整形修剪方式，为山莓的树体管理提供参考。【方法】以野生山莓2年生枝为试验对象，设置3种疏枝水平（不疏枝、疏除一级侧枝总数的1/5（轻度疏枝）和1/3（重度疏枝））和3种刻伤水平（不刻伤、对1/2（轻度刻伤）和全部（重度刻伤）一级侧枝基部进行刻伤）的二因素三水平交叉分组试验，共9个处理,每个处理15株。在果熟期采集成熟果实，测定不同处理的单株产量、单果质量和果实有效成分含量，并采用隶属函数法评价疏枝和刻伤的综合效应。【结果】与不疏枝、不刻伤的对照相比，山莓单果质量和单株产量在除轻度疏枝结合重度刻伤外的其余处理下均显著增加；可溶性糖、可滴定酸和Vc含量在除轻度刻伤外的其余处理下均显著增加；SOD活性在除重度刻伤外的其余处理下均显著增加；总黄酮含量在各处理下均显著增加；鞣花酸含量仅在重度刻伤处理下显著增加，在其余处理下均显著降低；可溶性固形物含量仅在轻度疏枝结合轻度刻伤处理下显著增加，在其余处理下无显著改变；糖酸比和固酸比仅在轻度刻伤时显著增加，在其余处理下均显著降低；单果质量、单株产量和可溶性糖、可滴定酸、Vc、总黄酮含量以及SOD活性在疏枝和刻伤后的最大增幅分别达到36.3%，36.4%，24.5%，66.3%，29.6%，30.4%和40.5%。相比于对照，疏枝和刻伤的8种组合均显著提高了山莓果实的综合品质，其中以重度疏枝结合轻度刻伤后得到的果实综合品质最优，其总隶属函数值是对照的3.06倍。【结论】疏枝和刻伤技术均能提高山莓果实的产量和品质，其中疏除2年生枝上一级侧枝总数的1/3，同时对1/2一级侧枝基部上方进行刻伤后获得的果实综合品质最优，可推荐使用于山莓栽培实践。

Effects of branch thinning and notching on fruit yield and quality of Rubus corchorifolius

【Objective】This study investigated the effects of branch thinning and notching on fruit yield and quality of raspberry and explored the suitable shaping and pruning mode to provide reference for tree body management of Rubus corchorifolius.【Method】A cross grouping experiment using two factors of branch thinning and notching with three levels was performed on 2-year old branches of wild raspberry plants.The three levels of branch thinning were none,light and high thinning by removing 0,1/5 and 1/3 of total number of primary lateral branches,respectively.The three levels of branch notching were none,light and high notching by carving 0,1/2 and all of base parts of primary lateral branches,respectively.There were a total of 9 treatments and 15 plants per treatment.Fruit yield per plant,fruit weight and contents of effective components of ripe fruits were measured at raspberry ripening stage.The comprehensive effects of branch thinning and notching were evaluated using membership function method.【Result】Compared with the control without branch thinning and notching,the raspberry fruit yield per plant and fruit weight were significantly increased by branching thinning and notching,except for the treatment of light thinning and high notching.Contents of soluble sugar,titratable acid and Vc in raspberry fruit were significantly increased by branch thinning and notching,except for the treatment of light branch notching.The total flavonoids content was increased significantly under all treatments.The soluble solid content was increased significantly only in the treatment of light thinning and light notching,where it was not affected significantly under other treatments.Both ratios of soluble sugar to titratable acid content and soluble solid to titratable acid content were increased by light branch notching,where they were decreased significantly in other treatments.The largest increases in fruit weight,yield per plant,contents of soluble sugar,titra-table acid,Vc,total flavonoid and SOD activity were 36.3%,36.4%,24.5%,66.3%,29.6%,30.4% and 40.5%,respectively.Compared with the control,all treatments with branch thinning and notching significantly improved the comprehensive quality of raspberry fruits.The treatment of high branch thinning and light branch notching was the best and improved the total membership value by 3.06 times in comparison to the control.【Conclusion】Both branch thinning and notching improved fruit yield and quality of raspberry.The treatment of removing 1/3 total number and carving 1/2 base part of primary lateral branches on the 2-year old branches with best comprehensive quality was recommended.