Seasonal and crop effects on soil loss and rainfall retention probabilities: An example from the U.S. Southern Piedmont |
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| Institution: | 1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;2. Université de Lyon, UMR5023 Laboratoire d''Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, 3, rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France;1. Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Nanjing 211135, China;3. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, NY 10964, USA;4. School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;1. CONACYT - CINVESTAV Unidad Saltillo, Group of Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe, 25900, Coahuila, Mexico;2. Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Spanish Scientific Council (CSIC), Serrano 115bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain;3. BC3-Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain;4. Department of Biology and Geology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain;5. Department of Plant Protection, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA), Spanish Scientific Council (CSIC), Serrano 115bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain;6. IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 6 solairua, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Soil loss from and rainfall retention on cropland during individual seasons vary from year to year. To quantify this variability for evaluation of soil and water related risks for different seasons and crops, probability distributions of soil loss and rain water retention are needed. In this study, probability distributions of soil loss and rainfall retention rates were computed using rainfall, runoff, and soil loss data from three field watersheds with Cecil-Pacolet soil (Typic Hapludults) in the Southern Piedmont of the United States. Long-term (34-year) rainfall records from a nearby gage were included in the computations. Resulting probability distributions were compared to evaluate risks of soil loss and low rainfall retention for different seasons and crops. Risks due to watershed differences in slope and in terrace and waterway conservation practices were also compared. These comparisons showed that soil loss risks are greater for the summer than for the winter crop season and greater for soybean (Glycine max. L. Merr.) than for corn (Zea mays L.). Considerable soil loss risk reduction was also observed for watersheds with less land slope and with terrace and grassed waterway installation. Risk of low rainfall retention was found to be less for the winter crop season than for the summer season. Rainfall retention risks for the winter crop season appeared to be unaffected by crop and watershed differences. For the summer crop season, however, risk of low rainfall retention was observed to be slightly higher for soybean than for corn and slightly lower for fields with terraces, grassed waterways, and lesser slopes. Soil loss and rainfall retention risks computed in this study can be coupled with economic costs for crop production and conservation planning. |
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