基于主成分分析法的日光温室秋茬西瓜品质评价

为筛选出适宜日光温室秋茬种植的小果型西瓜品种，为西瓜优质高效栽培及品种推广提供科学依据，选择14个小果型西瓜品种，开展生长势、果实品质、产量对比试验，对果实外观及品质进行人工品鉴，并利用主成分分析法建立了品质评价模型。结果表明：基于主成分分析法，西瓜品质排名前3的品种为锦霞八号、京彩2号和京彩3号，人工品鉴前3位的品种为锦霞八号、京彩1号、京彩3号；改良京彩3号产量最高，667 m²产量3 294.5 kg；锦霞八号和京彩3号可溶性固形物含量高(13.7%、12.1%)，糖酸比适中(41.26、48.93)，粗纤维含量低(0.03%、0.03%)，可溶性蛋白含量高(0.63%、0.54%)、VC含量丰富(0.776、0.897mg/kg)。改良京彩3号、橙肉4k和冰淇淋皇后3个品种产量较高，可为温室秋冬茬高产种植提供参考，锦霞八号、京彩3号2个品种外观性状、口感风味、果实营养品质等综合性状优良，可在温室秋冬茬栽培中作为高品质礼品西瓜大面积推广种植。

Quality Evaluation of Autumn Stubble Watermelon in Greenhouse Based on Principal Component Analysis

Abstract: In order to screen out small-fruit watermelon varieties suitable for planting in greenhouse in autumn, and provide scientific basis for high-quality and efficient cultivation and variety extension of watermelon, 14 small-fruit watermelon varieties were selected to carry out the comparative experiments of growth potential, yield and fruit quality. The fruit appearance and quality were artificially tasted, and the quality evaluation model was established by principal component analysis. The results showed that the top three varieties of watermelon quality were ''Jinxia No.8'' ''Jingcai No.2'' and ''Jingcai No.3'' based on principal component analysis, and the top three varieties of artificial tasting were ''Jinxia No.8'' ''Jingcai No.1'' and ''Jingcai No.3''. The ''Improved Jingcai No.3'' had the highest yield, which was 3 294.5 kg per 667 m2. ''Jinxia No.8'' and ''Jingcai No.3'' had high solube solid contents (13.7%, 12.1%), moderate sugar-acid ratioes (41.26, 48.93), low crude fiber content (0.03%, 0.03%), high soluble protein contents (0.63%, 0.54%) and rich VC contents (0.776, 0.897 mg/kg). The ''Improved Jingcai No.3'' ''Orange Flesh 4k'' and ''Ice Cream Queen'' had higher yields, which could provide reference for higher yield planting in greenhouse in autumn and winter. ''Jinxia No.8'' and ''Jingcai No.3'' had excellent comprehensive characters such as appearance traits, taste and fruit nutritional quality, and could be widely planted as high quality watermelon as gift in autumn and winter in greenhouse.