低氧条件下的冲刺训练对运动员生理生化指标的影响*

目的：研究低氧条件下的冲刺训练对运动员身体内葡萄糖、胰岛素、游离脂肪酸以及乳酸应激条件下的影响。方法：所有运动员都分别参加三组不同实验条件的训练，并且每组训练相隔7天。三组不同训练条件分别为：常氧压的冲刺运动（N组）；中等缺氧的冲刺运动（M组）；高度缺氧的冲刺运动(H组)。每组冲刺运动都在功率自行车上进行，每组运动为4次为时30s的冲刺运动，阻力都为10档，并辅以教练口头激励，每次冲刺运动后恢复6min，并记录每次运动员产生的最高功率以及平均功率。两种不同的低氧条件由低氧面具提供。训练后，分别在运动前抽取血液1次，以及在4次运动完成后5min，30min，60min，120min各取一次，并检测各项指标。结果：1.常氧压组与两组低氧压组相比，血细胞中的葡萄糖含量没有明显的差异，但是，与没有进入运动开始前相比较，冲刺运动后的5min内葡萄糖含量上升显著。2.只有在冲刺运动完成后2h后，体内脂肪酸含量才显著上升，并且与常氧压组和中等低氧压组相比较，高度缺氧组的游离脂肪酸上升更为明显，且与这两组差异显著。3.与运动开始前相比，运动后5min、30min、60min内体内乳酸含量高，且具有显著差异。但在120min后差异消失。4.运动结束后5min时体内胰岛素含量较高，且与开始运动前和运动结束后其他三个时间段相比，具有显著差异。

Study onSprint Training Affecting Athletes' Physiologicaland Biochemical Properties under the Condition of Low Oxygen

Purpose: To study how the sprint training affects the glucose, insulin, free fatty acid and the lactic acid in the body of athletes under the condition of low oxygen. Methods: All the athletes to participate in the training of three groups under different experimental conditions, respectively, and each group of training should be separated by 7 days. Three groups of different training conditions are: Normal oxygen pressure sprint training (Group N); Moderate hypoxia sprint training (Group M); High hypoxia sprint training (Group H). Sprint training in each group was conducted on power bicycle, each group of the sprint training last for 30 seconds for 4 times, resistance to 10th grade, supplemented by coach oral stimulation and provided for recovery of 6 minutes after each training. We recorded the maximum power and average power of the athletes. Two different types of low oxygen conditions were provided by the low oxygen masks. And we would draw the blood before the movement, and after the training for 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes respectively each time, and then test the blood. Results: 1. Compared with the other two low oxygen groups, the amount of glucose in the blood cells in Group N athletes had no obvious difference, but, compared with the results before entering the training, the glucose concentration increased significantly within 5 minutes. 2. Only after the sprint training completed for 2 hours, the fatty acid concentration in the body would increase sharply. Compared with the Group N and M, the free fatty acids increased more obviously, and the significant difference was present. 3. Compared with the results before the training began, the results of lactic acid concentration in the body after the training for 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes were higher, and possessed significant difference with the former ones. But the significant differences would disappear after 120 minutes. 4. High insulin levels could be found in the body after 5 minutes, and compared to the other four periods, the significant difference was also present.