马铃薯中糖苷生物碱的提取研究

[目的]优选马铃薯中糖苷生物碱的提取方法和条件。[方法]以新鲜的马铃薯皮为样品,采用乙酸提取-氨水沉淀、超声波辅助酸水提取-氨水沉淀、甲醇提取-氨水沉淀、双溶剂法提取、多溶剂混合提取、酸醇提取-氨水沉淀及乙酸和亚硫酸钠提取-氨水沉淀7种方法对马铃薯中的糖苷生物碱进行提取,通过单因素试验考察提取温度、超声时间、酸浓度对提取效果的影响,优化马铃薯中糖苷生物碱的提取方法与条件。[结果]7种提取方法中,以超声波辅助酸水提取-氨水沉淀法的提取效果最好;最佳提取条件为温度30℃,超声时间20 min,酸度25%。[结论]不用有机溶剂而直接加一定浓度的酸并辅助以超声波振荡的提取方法具有操作简单、提取周期短、提取效果较好的特点。

Study on Extraction of Glycoalkaloids in Potato

[Objective] The study aimed to optimize the extraction methods and conditions of the glycoalkaloids in potato.[Method] With the fresh potato peel was the tested material,7 extraction methods including the acetic acid extraction-ammonia precipitation,ultrasonic auxiliary acid extraction-ammonia precipitation,methanol extraction-ammonia precipitation,double solvent extraction,mixed solvent extraction,acid alcohol extraction-ammonia precipitation,and acetic acid and sodium sulfite extraction-ammonia precipitation were used to extract the glycoalkaloids in potato.The effects of the extraction temperature,ultrasonic time and acid concentration on the extraction effect were investigated through the single factor test to optimize the extraction methods and conditions of the glycoalkaloids in potato.[Result] Among the 7 extraction methods,the method of ultrasonic auxiliary acid extraction-ammonia precipitation could get best extraction effect.Among 3 extraction conditions,the extraction temperature of 30 ℃ was suitable,the ultrasonic time of 20 min was suitable and the acidity of 25% was the best.[Conclusion] The extraction method of directly adding the some concn.of acid combined with the ultrasonic oscillating without using the organic solvent showed the characteristics of simple operation,short extraction cycle and good extraction effect.