如何提高杂交水稻育种和组合应用效率

杂交水稻为我国稻米生产和粮食安全作出了巨大贡献,经过30多年的发展,我国杂交水稻育种队伍越来越壮大,全国各地每年育成的杂交水稻亲本和组合也越来越多。据农业部全国农业技术推广服务中心统计,当年种植面积在6666.7hm2以上的杂交稻组合,由1989年的39个增加到2005年的379个,增加了近8倍。我国主要杂交水稻省区,目前每年申请参加区试的杂交稻新组合都是数十上百,甚至数以百计。但是组合数的增多,并没有使杂交稻面积增加,每个组合的平均种植面积反而越来越少,新组合中有重大突破的也极少,组合的平均使用寿命也缩短许多,这说明目前我国杂交水稻育种和组合应用效率在下降。如何提高杂交水稻育种和组合应用效率,变得非常重要,因此,文章针对这个问题进行探讨。

How to improve the efficiency of hybrid breeding and combination utilization in rice

Hybrid rice has made great contribution to rice production and food security in China.The breeders' team for hybrid rice is very big due to quick expansion,and the total number of new rice hybrid varieties developed and released has been increasing year by year rapidly.The number of rice hybrid varieties which covering area more than 6666.7 hm2 increased from 39 in 1989 to 379 in 2005,that is almost eight times increased.However,the percentage of hybrid rice in total rice area is not increased,and the average growing area of each hybrid combination declined significantly.New rice hybrids with great breakthrough in yield,resistances and quality are very few,and the average longevity of the new rice hybrids has been shortened considerably,which means the efficiency of rice hybrid breeding and the combination utilization has been decreased.Therefore,how to increase the efficiency of hybrid rice breeding as well the combination utilization in the future becomes very important,and this problem was discussed in the paper.