肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对其生产性能、消化率及血清指标的影响

本研究目的在于评价在玉米－豆粕型基础饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对肥育猪的利用价值。选取体重约５０ｋｇ的杜×长×大三元杂交猪４０头，采用单因子完全随机设计，分为５个组，每组４个重复，分别在饲粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉，依次为：０（对照组），１０％（试验Ｉ组），１５％（试验ＩＩ组），２０％（试验ＩＩＩ组），２０％＋０．１％纤维素酶（试验ＩＶ 组），各组主要营养指标相同。测定肥育猪饲喂含不同水平苜蓿草粉饲粮后主要生产性能、消化率及血清中主要生化指标的变化。结果表明，１）试验ＩＩ、ＩＩＩ、ＩＶ 组平均日增重、采食量较对照组明显提高，而试验ＩＩ、ＩＶ 组的料肉比明显降低，因此，添加１５％的苜蓿草粉或２０％的苜蓿草粉＋０．１％ 纤维素酶有利于提高肥育猪的体重及饲料转化率。２）试验Ｉ、ＩＩ组和对照组相比，其干物质、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率均不同程度提高；虽然试验ＩＩＩ、ＩＶ 组上述４项指标的表观消化率和对照组相近或稍高，但试验ＩＶ 组各主要指标优于试验ＩＩＩ组，说明添加１０％和１５％的苜蓿草粉有利于提高营养物质的表观消化率，苜蓿草粉添加至２０％时加纤维素酶对各项指标消化率有改进。３）肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉，降低了其血液甘油三酯、胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量，升高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。试验证明，在肥育猪饲粮中添加１５％紫花苜蓿草粉对肥育猪生产性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的改善有利，苜蓿草粉降低血液胆固醇的功能可能是其中皂苷的作用。

Effects of alfalfa meal on production performance and serum of fattening pigs

The nutritional value of alfalfa meal on fattening pigs was evaluated.The basic diet was corn-soybean meal.Forty fattening pigs,with body weights of about 50 kg each,were randomly divided into five groups of four replicates for each group and two pigs for each replicate.One of these groups was used as the control group;Others were used as treatment groups I to IV.The control group was fed the basic diet only while groups I to IV were fed diets containing different amounts of alfalfa meal(10%,15%,20%,20% 0.1% cellulase),but with the same concentration of the main nutrient items.The results showed that: 1) Groups II,III,and IV had a higher daily feed intake and daily weight gain than the control group.Groups II and IV had a higher feed conversion rate than the control group.2) Compared with the control group diet,there was more apparent digestibility of nutrients for groups I and II,although groups III and IV had similar digestibility to the control group.The digestibility of group IV was higher than that of group III,showing that it was useful to add 0.1% cellulase to a diet with larger amounts of alfalfa meal.3) When alfalfa meal was added to fattening pig's diet,the TG,ChO,and LDL-C concentrations in the serum decreased while HDL-C concentration in the serum significantly increased compared with the control.It was concluded that adding 15% alfalfa meal in the diet of fattening pigs should be recommend in the diet.The saponin in alfalfa meal plays a key role in decreasing cholesterol in the serum.