几种桃砧木的耐涝性及其解剖结构的观察比较

以山桃、毛桃、筑波4号、筑波5号四种桃树砧木为试材,从根茎叶的解剖结构、气孔密度、淹水处理后的叶片受害程度、叶绿素含量、根冠比以及落叶和死亡率等几个方面与抗涝性的关系进行了观察比较。结果显示,山桃对淹水敏感,其根茎叶的结构显示较强的贮水特点,表现在叶片气孔密度低、根茎的皮层和周皮发达等,淹水8 d复水观察植株全部死亡。筑波5号的根茎叶显示出较强的水分蒸腾能力和耐淹水的结构特点,表现为叶片气孔密度大、根茎叶的通气组织发达等,淹水8 d后观察植株的死亡率最低,而毛桃和筑波4号的表现介于二者之间,初步认为其抗涝性由强到弱的顺序依次为筑波5号、筑波4号或毛桃、山桃。

Comparison and Observation of Waterlogging Resistance and Anatomical Structure of Peach Rootstocks

The test carried out with pot-cultural peach rootstocks that were Shantao(Amygdalus davidiana Franch),Maotao(Amygdalus persica),Tsukuba No.4(A.p.var.densa A.p.duplex) and Tsukuba No.5(A.p.var.densa A.p.duplex).Comparison and observation of anatomical structure,stoma density,chlorophyll content,root to shoot ratio,and dead rate were taken after waterlogging treatment.The results showed that stoma density of leaves and transpiration were lower,and cortex and periderm better developed in shantao than in other rootstocks.All plants were dead after 8 d waterlogging,but Tsukuba No.5,which stoma density on leave was high and aerenchyma well developed,the dead rate of plant was the least,17% of alive plants remained after 8 d waterlogging.Characteristics of Maotao and Tsukuba No.4 to waterlogging intervened between Tsukuba No.5 and Shantao.The conclusion was that the order of resistance to waterlogging from strong to weak was Tsukuba No.5,Tsukuba No.4 or Maotao,then Shantao in four peach rootstocks.