氮锌肥配施对南方香粳稻产量和品质的影响

【目的】研究氮锌肥配施对南方香粳稻产量和外观加工品质、蒸煮食味品质、香气的影响，为南方香粳稻的调优栽培提供科学依据。【方法】田间试验于2020和2021年在扬州大学试验基地进行，供试粳稻品种为宁香粳9号和南粳46。在施锌(+Zn)和不施锌(Zn0)条件下，分别设3个施氮水平：0 (N0)、180 kg/hm²(N180)、270 kg/hm²(N270)，共6个处理。于收获期，测定产量和产量构成因素，分析籽粒加工外观、食味和香气品质。【结果】提高氮肥用量可显著增加香粳稻产量，而施用锌肥对香粳稻产量无显著影响，+ZnN270处理宁香粳9号和南粳46产量均最高，分别达10.48 t/hm²和10.40 t/hm²；相同氮肥用量下，增施锌肥对产量没有显著影响。宁香粳9号和南粳46的最佳稻米加工和外观品质均以+ZnN270处理最优。在相同氮肥用量下，施用锌肥改善了香粳稻的加工和外观品质。与N0处理相比，在N180和N270处理下两品种的直链淀粉含量下降了8.44%～13.16%，蛋白质含量增加了9.79%～...

Combined application of nitrogen and zinc fertilizer affects the yield and quality of fragrant southern japonica rice

  【Objectives】  The effects of nitrogen rate and zinc fertilizer on the yield, processing and appearance quality, cooking taste, and aroma of fragrant southern japonica rice were studied.  【Methods】  A field experiment was conducted in the experimental base of Yangzhou University, two fragrant japonica rice cultivars, Ningxiangjing 9 and Nanjing 46, were used as experiment materials. The tested N application levels were 0 (N0), 180 (N180), and 270 (N270) kg/hm2 under both applying Zn fertilizer (+Zn) and no Zn fertilizer conditions. At maturing stage, the yield, yield compomemts, grain processing, tasting and fragrance quality were determined.  【Results】  Higher N rate produced higher rice yield, N270 treatment gave the highest yield in Ningxiangjing 9 (10.48 t/hm2) and Nanjing 46 (10.40 t/hm2), +Zn did not affect rice yield. N270 elicited higher rice processing and appearance quality than N0 and N180, and +Zn improved the processing and appearance quality of rice under the same N fertilizer rate (P<0.05). The highest processing quality of Ningxiangjing 9 and Nanjing 46 rice were recorded under +ZnN270. Compared with N0, N180 and N270 increased the protein content by 9.79%?23.89%, but decreased the amylose content by 8.44%?13.16% as well as the taste value significantly. Under the same N rate, +Zn increased rice protein content and improved taste value. The setback value of rice increased, while other indicators of the rheological viscoelasticity value (RVA) decreased with the increase of N application rate. Under the same N fertilizer rate, +Zn did not affect RVA of rice flour (RVA spectrum), compared with no Zn application. The nitrogen and 2-acetyl-1-pyrrololine (2AP) content in brown rice and milled rice increased with increasing N application rate. Compared with N0, N180 increased the nitrogen content of brown rice in Ningxiangjing 9 and Nanjing 46 by 4.64% and 4.87%, increased the nitrogen content of milled rice by 9.80% and 12.88%; increased 2AP content in brown rice by 8.91% and 41,38%, and increased 2AP content in milled rice by 7.91% and 5.88%, respectively. Compared with N0, N270 increased the nitrogen content of brown rice in two cultivars by 12.17% and 11.00%, increased the nitrogen content of milled rice by 23.89% and 22.98%; increased 2AP content in brown rice by 12.16% and 91.28%, and increased 2AP content in milled rice by 16.24% and 120.78%, respectively. Under N270, compare to Zn0, +Zn treatment increased the Zn content in brown rice of Ningxiangjing 9 and Nanjing 46 by 1.00% and 3.01%, increased the 2AP content in brown rice by 0.47% and 15.27%; increased the Zn content in milled rice by 9.75% and 2.19%, and increased the 2AP content in milled rice by 5.71% and 52.04%, respectively.  【Conclusions】  A relatively high rate of nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial for the yield, processing quality, and the aroma of milled rice (2AP value). Combined application of N with Zn fertilizer does not decrease the benefit of high N fertilizer, it rather increases the appearance quality and further improves the aroma of milled rice significantly. The recommended fertilization method for fragrant japonica rice is N 270 kg/hm2 combined with zinc fertilizer, for an optimally high yield, good processing quality and cooking taste.