中国1923-1995年育成的651个大豆品种的遗传基础

从1923～1995年中国651个大豆育成品种(包括东北330个、黄淮海210个、南方111个)的系谱归纳出348个祖先亲本,将育成品种归属为348个细胞核家族和214个细胞质家族.全国每个育成品种实际使用的祖先亲本数由1960年前的平均1.59个增至1991～1995年的平均6.39个,总平均3.79个祖先亲本.从一个地区的祖先亲本总数着眼,东北、黄淮海、南方平均每个育成品种拥有的细胞核和细胞质祖先亲本数分别是0.50个和O.25个、0.71个和0.40个、0.97个和0.54个.祖先亲本的遗传贡献并不平衡,各区均有少数祖先亲本在育成品种中占很大遗传份额,东北地区尤为突出.黑龙江、山东、吉林、江苏等省大豆育成品种的细胞质来源均较为简单.

The Genetic base for 651 soybean cultivars releasedduring 1923-1995 in China

Abstract The ancestries of 651 soybean cultivars released during 1923-1995 in China among them 330 from Northeast China, 210 from Huanghuaihai valleys and 111 from southern China, were analyzed for their 348 final ancestors. The 348 nuclear families and 214 cytoplasmic families composed of the 651 cultivars were found and grouped. For the whole country, the average used ancestors per each released cultivar before 1960 was 1. 59 and that during 1991-1995 was up to 6. 39, with the over all average during 1923-1995 being 3. 79. The ratios of total nuclear and cytoplasmic ancestors to the number of released cultivars in Northeast China, Huanghuaihai valleys, and southern China were 0. 52 and 0. 25, 0. 71 and 0. 40, and 0. 97 and 0. 54, respectively. A few ancestors contributed their nuclear germplasm to the released, cultivars much more than the others, especially the situation in Northeast China, indicating their special importance in previous breeding plan. The same was also true for the...