"沼改厕"推广模式的实现及其在四川省的应用

农村户用沼气池是国家战略性惠农措施,中国政府为促进农村沼气工程建设投入了大量财力物力。近年来,因劳动力转移、农业产业结构调整等多种原因造成大量沼气池闲置弃用,极大地浪费了国家和人民的财产。如何提高农村户用沼气池利用率,改善农村生产生活环境是当前乡村振兴面临的一大难题。该研究从"沼改厕"的现实背景、发展现状和技术模式入手,通过"推广模式、推广方法、效益分析和管护机制"四个层面对四川省"沼改厕"典型地区进行案例分析,并深入讨论了"沼改厕"模式的推广应注意的问题,为农村"厕所革命"提供互补的改厕方式,也为"沼改厕"推广模式提供理论支撑。

Model for popularizing "conversion of biogas to toilet" and its application in Sichuan Province of China

Abstract: Household biogas has widely been one of the most important strategic energy construction to greatly improve the living environment, resource recycling, and energy efficiency in most rural areas of China. However, a large number of biogas digesters have been idle and abandoned in recent years, due mainly to the high maintenance cost of biogas projects against the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, particularly with the migration of labor force. It is highly urgent to improve the use efficiency of biogas for clean energy in practical application. Alternatively, the rural toilet revolution is an important link to promote the rural living environment and green development in Rural Revitalization. Toilet as one of the symbols of civilization can be used to improve the health level of rural residents. The technical mode of "Conversion of biogas to toilet" can be selected to connect the biogas digester with household sanitary toilet. In this study, a detailed analysis was made on the realistic background, policy arrangement, and main technical modes of "biogas toilet transformation". The typical areas of "biogas toilet transformation" in Sichuan Province were selected to popularize from the promotion mode, implementation, benefit analysis, as well as management and protection mechanism. Most technical modes of biogas conversion were the promotion modes of biogas digesters and toilets to jointly convert toilets or build additional sewage treatment tanks. These modes were effectively utilized biogas digesters for household life and production wastes, particularly for the active role of energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental improvement. The cost analysis showed that the construction fund of "Conversion of biogas to toilet" reduced by half than before. "Three-grille mode septic tanks" was utilized to effectively revitalize the stock assets of rural household biogas digesters, while realizing the treatment and resource utilization of toilet feces, providing complementary ways of toilet transformation for the rural toilet revolution. Ecological benefits showed that biogas digesters in Sichuan Province indirectly reduced carbon dioxide emissions by about 1.43-2.0 t CO2 per household. There was also relatively diverse implementation, management, and protection of "technical mode of changing reform of biogas to toilets". The most commonly-used way was found in most areas: "the government as the main investor and manager, social investment promotion and construction, unified management of village collective economic organizations, and contribution and contribution of farmers". Finally, four suggestions were proposed during this time to establish 1) A diversified investment mechanism for rural "reform of biogas to toilet", 2) An integrated promotion mechanism for technological innovation, 3) A new resource utilization model, and 4) A long-term follow-up management and protection mechanism of rural "reform of biogas to toilet". This finding can provide effective support to promote the "reform of biogas to toilet" mode in most rural areas.