不同施肥处理对黄瓜土壤速效养分变化的影响研究

对黄瓜菜地进行了不同施肥处理,通过测定土壤养分,研究了化肥减量及增施有机肥对土壤养分的影响。结果表明:按当地化肥施用量的处理在成熟期土壤速效磷、铵态氮、速效钾含量均比其他处理高,但养分利用率较低;化肥施用量减少20%的处理次之;化肥施用量减少40%+20%有机肥的处理养分全量较高,并且速效养分不高,其养分流失量少,肥料利用率高;而化肥用量减60%+40%有机肥的处理养分全量及速效养分含量都较低,其肥料利用率比化肥施用量减少40%+20%有机肥的处理差。化肥施用量减少40%+20%有机肥能很好地提高土壤各种养分含量,且供肥平稳,能满足黄瓜生长需要,为最合理施肥处理。

Effects of Different Fertilizer Application on Changes of Soil Available Nutrients in Cucumber Field

The experiment of this article treats the cucumber field with different fertilizer application, and studies the effects of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing the amount of organic fertilizer on soil fertility. The soil fertility index includes ammonium nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium and organic matter. The results show： when the treatment is according to the local dosage of chemical fertilizer, the soil nutrient level in maturing stage is higher than that under other treatments, but the plant recovery of nutrient is lower; when the local dosage of chemical fertilizer are reduced by 20% , the soil nutrient level takes second place; when the local dosage of chemical fertilizer are reduced by 40% and the organic fertilizer dosage increase by 20% , the soil nutrient level is the third and the plant recovery of nutrient is high ; when the local dosage of chemical fertilizer are reduced by 60% and the organic fertilizer dosage increase by 40% , the soil nutrient level ranks last. In a word, when the local dosage of chemical fertilizer are reduced by 40% and the organic fertilizer dosage increase by 20% , the content of various soil nutrient can be significantly improved, and the nutrient for cucumber can be steadily supplied, therefore, this kind of fertilizer aoolication is the most reasonable.