植物矮生性状的分子遗传研究进展

近年来，随着分子生物学和基因组学的飞速发展，对作物高产性状，高产机理及其相关基因的研究愈加深入，应用基因工程技术对作物进行遗传改良已成为提高作物产量的有效途径，培育理想株型已成为作物育种的重要目标。株高是高等作物的重要农艺性状之一，植株过高容易引起倒伏而减产，而矮生植株抗倒能力强，高产，因而矮化育种对培育理想株型十分重要，矮生基因的发掘研究和利用也越来越受到重视。本文综述了目前高等作物矮生性的分子遗传研究进展，特别是对水稻、小麦、玉米、黄瓜、西瓜和番茄等主要作物矮生性状的遗传特点、分子标记、矮生基因的克隆等方面的研究进展做了较为详细的总结和评价，分析了激素对高等植物矮生突变体的调控，提出了高等植物矮生资源的利用和矮化育种中存在的问题，并探讨了高等植物矮生性状分子遗传学研究和分子育种的发展趋势。

Progresses on the Molecular Genetics of Dwarf Character in Plants

In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology and genomics, much more progresses in the study of characters of high yield and the mechanisms for high yielding, and their related genes have been made. Applying genetic engineering technology to the crop genetic improvement has become an effective way for increasing crop yield. Generally breeding for an ideal plant type of crops has become one of most important targets. The plant height is one of important agronomic characters in higher crops. A plant with a too much higher plant length of may be easy to lodge and often result in reducing production. However the dwarf character of plant displays a good resistance to lodging, and usually have high yield. Therefore research on the dwarfing breeding for cultivating ideal plant type should be extremely important, the study and use of the dwarf genes are also taken more seriously. This review summarized the progress of molecular genetics and breeding of dwarf character of crops and focused on the genetics, molecular markers and cloning of dwarf trait of some important crops such as rice, wheat, maize, cucumber, watermelon and tomato, and etc. Regulation of plant hormone to dwarf mutant trait was analyzed. Some problems in utilization of dwarf plant resources and breeding for the aim of dwarfing characters were discussed. The trends in the study on molecular genetics and breeding of higher plant were also discussed.