上海动物园天鹅湖水鸟的空间利用分布特征

2010年10月～2011年4月,采取定点观察和扫描取样相结合的方法,记录上海动物园天鹅湖中水鸟的空间位置。将水鸟划分为天鹅类、鸭类及鹈鹕类进行分析,探讨水鸟在冷季节和暖季节对天鹅湖空间的利用特征。天鹅类和鸭类对天鹅湖空间利用均比较广泛,约占湖水总面积的62.0%～72.3%;鹈鹕类的活动区域面积相对较小,占湖水总面积的24.8%～51.4%;核心活动区约占整个活动区的17.3%～21.8%。水鸟的活动范围及核心活动区域的面积在暖季节大于冷季节。天鹅类和鸭类对天鹅湖的空间利用存在很大重叠,重叠度系数（OI）从0.83～0.86,在冷季节鹈鹕类的活动区则与天鹅类（OI=0.54）和鸭类（OI=0.49）存在明显的空间分离,核心活动区的分离则更加明显。

The spatial distribution and habitat use of water birds at Swan Lake Shanghai Zoological Park

We recorded spatial distribution and habitat use of waterbirds by observation from fixed points and instantaneous scan sampling at Swan Lake,Shanghai Zoological Park from October 2010 to April 2011.We classified waterbirds into 3 categories： swans,ducks and pelicans.Swans and ducks used 62%～72.3%of the lake area while pelicans used 24.8%～54.4%.The core activity area was 17%～22%ol the total activity area.Areas used during the cold season were smaller than that during the warm season.We recorded overlap of use areas of swans and ducks,with overlap indices（OIs） ranging from 0.83 to 0.86.We recorded little overlap between use areas of pelicans and swan and ducks（OI range 0.54～0.49 during cold season）.Separation of core activity areas was more pronounced suring cold season.