草食偶蹄动物魏氏梭菌病及预防

为探讨国内野生和家养动物魏氏梭菌病发生的特点与规律,收集了近32 a间的文献资料,设立魏氏梭菌病发生的时间、区域、动物种类、细菌血清型等因素,统计分析流行病特征。结果：①魏氏梭菌病每隔4 a左右就会有高发病出现,各种血清型发病高峰的年际不一样,野生动物和家养动物高发病的年际、血清型有差别。②魏氏梭菌病在一年四季中均可发生,各季节的发生率不同,春季是高发季节,家养动物尤为明显,秋季野生动物的发病较为明显。4个季节中,D型菌引起的发病较多,在春季和夏季中D型菌发病尤为明显,在秋季中仅A型菌和D型菌有发病记录,冬季中都不突出。③魏氏梭菌病在1 a 12个月中均可发生,3、4月是高发病时期,6、11月的发病比率次之。3月西部区域发病较多,4月黄河与长江之间区域发病为多,6月长江以南区域发病高,11月则是黄河以北区域发病较多。野生动物发病多集中在6月和11月,家养动物4月发病较突出。2月C型菌引起的发病较明显,11月A型菌发生的比率明显高于其他血清型,D型菌则全年发生的较多。④黄河以北、黄河与长江之间、西部区域发病主要集中在春季,长江以南则主要在夏季发病。黄河以北区域D型菌最高,A型菌其次,C型菌最低。黄河与长江之间区域A型菌落高于D型菌,C型菌仍是最低。长江以南区域D型菌为主,A型菌其次,没有C型菌发病。西部区域则是D型菌明显高于A型菌和C型菌。结论：魏氏梭菌病的发生有一定的规律,每间隔4 a左右会有高发病出现。不同区域,魏氏梭菌病发生的时间有差别。野生动物和家养动物发病的时间和致病血清型有区别。疫苗接种预防是有效的,综合措施是较好的预防措施。预防时慎用磺胺嘧啶和多黏菌素类抗生素。兽医诊断水平亟待提高。

Clostridial Gastroenteritis and its Prevention in Herbivorous Artiodactyls

We investigated the epidemic characteristics and patterns of Clostridial gastroenteritis in wild and domestic artiodactyls. We compiled literature on Clostridial gastroenteritis covering 32 years,and summarized the time periods,regions,species, bacteria serotypes,and other factors related to the disease.We then analyzed its epidemiological characteristics. Widespread outbreaks of the disease occured at intervals of about four years.Peak incidence of various serotypes varied from year to year.The species of affected wild and domestic animals also varied over time.The disease occurred throughout the year,in different seasons.The disease was more prone to outbreak in spring,especially in domestic animals.Wild animals were more prone to fall ill in the fall.The disease caused by D - type strains tended to outbreak throughout the year,especially in spring and summer.In the fall,outbreaks were caused by type A and D strains,while outbreaks of all - types strains were not prominent in winter.The disease occurred during every month of the year,with highest frequency during March and April, followed by June and November.The disease was more often detected in western China in March,in the area between the Yellow River and Yangtze River in April,south of the Yangtze River in June,and north of the Yellow River in November. Wildlife principally fall ill in June and November,domestic animals fall ill in April.The incidence of C - type disease was higher in February;the A—type disease was significantly higher than other serotypes in November.The incidence of D - type strains was higher throughout the year.The disease mainly occurred in spring north of the Yellow River,between the Yellow River and Yangtze Rivers,and in western China.It mainly occurred in the summer south of the Yangtze River.D—type strains were more prevalent than A - type strains,and A - type strains were more prevalent than C - type strains,which caused outbreaks north of the Yellow River.A - type strains were more prevalent than D - type strains.D - type strains were more prevalent than C - type strains in areas between the Yellow River and Yangtze River.D - type strains were more prevalent than A -type strains.C-type strains were not reported from areas south of the Yangtze River.D - type strains were significantly more prevalent than type A and C type strains in western China.Outbreaks of Clostridia gastroenteritis showed some regularitywith outbreaks occurring at intervals of 4 years.The disease occurred at different times in different regions.The pathogen serotypes and outbreak times differed betweem wild and domestic animals.Preventive vaccination was effective,and comprehensive measures were good preventive measures.Sulfadiazine and polymyxin antibiotics should be carefully used to prevent the disease. Veterinary diagnostic technology needs to be improved.