我国三个野生稻种谷粒和花药形态的扫描电镜观察

为了探求栽培稻同野生稻的亲缘关系，采用扫描电镜比较观嘉了我国的普通野稻(O. rufipogon)、药用野稻(O. officinalis)、瘤粒野稻(O. meyeriana subsp. tuberculata)和栽培稻(0．sativa)的谷粒和花药的形态结构，获得下列主要结果：1)谷粒表面的形态特征——栽培稻，普通野稻和药用野稻是由排列整齐、分布均匀的乳头状突起组成，瘤粒野稻是由分布不均匀的小瘤状突起组成。栽培稻、普通野稻和药用野稻具有粗刺毛和纤细毛，瘤粒野稻具有钩毛和纤细毛。2)花药壁表面结构——栽培稻和普通野稻是由排列整齐的长形细胞组成；药用野稻和瘤粒野稻由两类细胞组成，一类是排列整齐的细胞， 另一类是大小不均、排列不呈条状的细胞。从谷粒形态、刺毛种类和分布、稃表面结构、花药形态、花药壁表面结构的相似性和差异性的研究结果表明，栽培稻与普通野稻的亲缘关系较近。

Observations on Morphology of Unhulled Grains and Anthers of Three Oryza Species in China by Scanning Electron Microscopy

In order to elucidate the consanguineous relationship between cultivated rice and wild ricespecies,the morphology of unhulled grains and anthers of oryza rufipogon,O.officinalis,O.meyeriana subsp.tuberculata and O.sativa,being indigenous to China,were observed by scan-ning electron microscopy(SEM).Main results are as follows:(1)Morphological characteristics onsurface of grain: the glume(lemma and palea)of sativa,rufipogon and officinalis is covered withpapillate tubercules arranged in right order and distributed uniformly,whereas meyeriana is constitutedby warty tubercules distributed irregularly.Sativa,rufipogon and officinalis possess both thickthorn-hairs and tenuous-hairs,however,meyeriana has both hook-hairs and tenuous-hairs.(2)Sur-face structure of anther wall:Satire and rufipogon are composed of long cells arranged in goodorder,whereas officinalis and meyeriana are consisted of two kinds of cells:one with uniform size ar-ranges in good order,the other with different size does not arrange in the strip.Based on the resem-blance and difference in feature of unhulled grain,kinds and distribution of thorn-hairs,surface struc-ture of glume,feature of anther and surface structure of anther wall,it suggests that the consanguineousrelationship be closer between cultivated rice and O.rufipogon.