Field-measured evapotranspiration as a stochastic process |
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| Institution: | 1. Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;2. Hydrologic Science, and Biological and Agricultural Engineering Departments, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;1. Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton St., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada;2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada;1. National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China);2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014 (China);3. Yancheng Biological Engineering Higher Vocational Technology School, Yancheng 224051 (China);1. Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany;2. Department of Hydrology, Water Management and Water Protection, Leichtweiss Institute for Hydraulics and Water Resources, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany;3. Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany;1. Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA)-CIMMYT, NASC Complex, New Delhi 110012, India;2. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CG Block, NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India;3. Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609, USA;4. ICAR- Indian Institute of Maize Research, New Delhi 110012, India;5. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico;2. Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Spatial variability of evapotranspiration (ET) within irrigation intervals and the temporal variability of spatially averaged ET of Yolano pink beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were measured and statistically modeled to improve irrigation management. Field experiments were conducted at the University of California, Davis, on the Yolo soil series (Typic Xerorthents) during the summer of 1992. Daily soil water measurements were taken at 27 locations along a transect at 10 m intervals with a neutron probe. Changes in soil moisture over the 165 cm profile gave field-measured ET. Neutron probe measured ET was 20% less than the production function estimated ET, but both had similar pattern along the row. The trend of decreasing ET with distance down the row became increasingly steep as the growing season progressed. This trend was caused by a similar trend in soil water imposed by a furrow irrigation. After removing the trend with a first-order difference, ET was not spatially correlated (95% confidence interval) at 10 m. Therefore, each sample taken at a 10 m spacing provided maximum new information because it was not predictable from its neighbor. However, ET was temporally correlated (95%v confidence interval at lag 1) and characterized by an autoregressive moving average (1,1) model. Therefore, ET could be predicted one day in advance. For the field conditions studied, neutron probe measurements can be used to estimate daily ET for about 44 days in the middle of the growing season, when measured crop ET was greater than 1.4 mm, and at an interval of 6 days at the beginning of the cropping season. |
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