Stubble retention and tillage in a semi-arid environment: 2. Soil mineral nitrogen accumulation during fallow |
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| Institution: | 1. Joint Centre for Crop Improvement, Agriculture Victoria, Victorian Institute for Dryland Agriculture, PB 260 Horsham, Victoria 3401, Australia;2. Department of Agriculture and Resource Management, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;1. Agriculture Victoria, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Private Bag 260, Horsham, Victoria 3401, Australia;2. South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia;3. School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia;1. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 101, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Itália, km 8, CEP: 96203-900, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil;3. Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Unit, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;4. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, CEP: 11070-100, Santos - SP, Brazil;5. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Zooplâncton, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP: 96203-900, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil;1. Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 3 Park 1, Beichen West Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China;1. Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l''analisi dell''economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione (CREA-DC), Via di Lanciola 12/A, Cascine del Riccio, 50125, Firenze, Italy;2. Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l''analisi dell''economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Lanciola 12/A, Cascine del Riccio, 50125, Firenze, Italy;3. Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The accumulation of soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) was studied over 4 years at two sites in north-west Victoria, Australia in response to fallow treatments. The four combinations of stubble management (with and without) and tillage (with and without) in 18-month-long fallows of a fallow-wheat rotation were compared with a tilled summer fallow prior to field pea and wheat crops in rotation.Across both sites, root-zone SMN ranged from 66 to 222 kg N h?1 during the fallows and at sowing time was generally less at Dooen than at Walpeup despite greater total soil N (Dooen 0.11%, Walpeup 0.05%). At Dooen, the long fallow with stubble retention and tillage accumulated 46 kg N h?1 more SMN than the short fallow after field pea. In one year, stubble retention increased SMN by 20 kg N ha?1 but reduced it by an average of 26 kg N h?1 in two of the four years. At Walpeup, SMN increased in the pea-wheat rotation by an average of 46 kg N h?1 above the tilled fallow without stubble in two of the four years. The inclusion of field pea in the rotation increased SMN at depth by the second cycle of the rotation at Walpeup only. Stubble retention and tillage had little effect on SMN accumulation at Walpeup. The distribution of SMN in the soil profile was different every year at each site despite some years having similar total SMN. There was a tendency for stubble retention to depress SMN in the surface layers possibly through immobilisation and denitrification. |
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