Modeling grain yield and grain yield response to nitrogen in spring wheat crops in the Argentinean Southern Pampa |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Thessaly, Dept. of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Fytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece;2. Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly, Dimitriados 95 & P. Mela, 38333 Volos, Greece;3. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;1. Molecular, Cell and Developmental Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, m/c 567, Chicago, IL, 60607 United States;2. Department of Energy – Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824 United States;3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824 United States;1. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O.B. 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel;2. Azrieli College of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 26 Yaakov Shreibom Street, Jerusalem, 9103501, Israel;1. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;3. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China |
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| Abstract: | Agronomic efficiency (kg grain yield kg−1 N applied) is conditioned by environmental factors and nitrogen availability during the growing period. Hence, a fertilization model that considers environmental factors affecting wheat crop growth and effective N supply should be based on crop N demand. In this work, a simple model based on N balance during the growing season is used as the frame to simulate both the demand and the availability of N, and to determine grain yield. Fertilization experiments were conducted under different environments (50 sites, 8 y) of the Southern Pampa of Argentina. Nitrogen fertilization rates ranged between 25 and 125 kg N ha−1. Soil initial conditions and water balance during the crop cycle were found to modify both N demand and soil N supply. The amount of N taken up by crops, water balance during the crop growth period and mean maximum temperature during grain filling, all affected grain yield components. The proposed model provided a good agreement between observed independent data sets and simulated values of grain yield (root mean square error = 9% of the mean value). Model operation was performed for one site within the region using climatic records to estimate annual grain yield variability under three levels of N availability. |
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