Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis |
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Authors: | Ives Annette Ronet Catherine Prevel Florence Ruzzante Giulia Fuertes-Marraco Silvia Schutz Frederic Zangger Haroun Revaz-Breton Melanie Lye Lon-Fye Hickerson Suzanne M Beverley Stephen M Acha-Orbea Hans Launois Pascal Fasel Nicolas Masina Slavica |
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Institution: | Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland. |
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Abstract: | Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by infections with intracellular parasites of the Leishmania Viannia subgenus, including Leishmania guyanensis. The pathology develops after parasite dissemination to nasopharyngeal tissues, where destructive metastatic lesions form with chronic inflammation. Currently, the mechanisms involved in lesion development are poorly understood. Here we show that metastasizing parasites have a high Leishmania RNA virus-1 (LRV1) burden that is recognized by the host Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) to induce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Paradoxically, these TLR3-mediated immune responses rendered mice more susceptible to infection, and the animals developed an increased footpad swelling and parasitemia. Thus, LRV1 in the metastasizing parasites subverted the host immune response to Leishmania and promoted parasite persistence. |
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