陆稻主要性状的产量效应及其育种应用

通过 10个陆稻品种 10 0个单本株的 8大类 4 2个主要性状对产量的单因素逐步回归、多元相关、通径与灰色关联的分析。结果表明 :影响陆稻产量的关键性状有 7个 ,效应大小顺序为单本株有效穗 (1) >主茎节间数 (2 ) >穗茎粗 (3) >一次枝梗数 (4) >始穗至成熟天数 (5 ) >实粒数 /穗 (6 ) >抽穗期下部花粉育性 (7) ,其中 (1)、(3)、(6 )为正效应 ,(2 )、(4)、(5 )、(7)为负效应。笔者认为陆稻选育的基本目标为“足穗、大穗、早熟” ,具体是 :分蘖力强、成穗率高 ;穗茎粗 ,主茎节间数、一次枝梗数中等 ,穗粒数多 ,小穗不育率低 ,结实率高 ;主茎节间数、叶片数适中 ,功能叶厚且狭短 ;生育后期进程快 ,早熟

A Study on Main Yield Traits of Upland Rice and Their Application in Breeding

The upland rice varieties were employed as planting materials. Forty-two characters and the grain yield per plant in the whole growth period were determined. All kinds of characters were analyzed by stepwise regression, multiple partial correlation, path-coefficient analysis and gray correlative analysis in DPS data processing system. The results show: The number of effective panicles per plant is the most important factor and the following factors are the number of internodes per main stem, the thickness of the panicle neck, the number of the first branches, the number of the days from heading to ripening, the number of the filled grains per panicle and the sterility of the under panicles during the earring stage. The positive effects are the number of effective panicles per plant, the thickness of panicle neck, the number of the filled grains per panicle, the negative effects are the number of internodes per main stem, the number of the first branches, the number of the days from heading to ripening and the sterility of the under panicles during the earring stage. Therefore, the following characterstics are essential for a upland rice variety: enough effective panicles per plant, a large number of grains per panicle and early maturity. In other words, it should be of strong tillering, thick panicle neck, optimum numbers of the first branches and internodes, low ratio of small panicles, high fertility and early-maturity.