西藏草地畜牧业发展战略的调整

本文分析并提出西藏草地畜牧业发展战略调整应:从传统的纯牧区逐步向半农半牧区和农区过渡,形成牧区繁育,农区、半农半牧区育肥,城镇加工的分布格局;开发东部林芝地区草地载畜潜力,稳定、提高中部拉萨市、山南地区草地畜牧业的生产经营水平,保护西部那曲与阿里地区草地,划定禁牧区,建设西部自然保护区;建植人工草地,实施退耕还草、农田种草,实现以草定畜;在青藏铁路沿线,选择低海拔城镇,建设牦牛肉、肥羔肉小包装、分割肉加工基地,以此带动东部、中部绿色牦牛肉、肥羔肉生产和季节草地畜牧业的发展;建设西部绒山羊基地和"一江两河"流域奶牛业;努力扩大边境畜产品贸易,提高畜产品商品率.

Readjustment of Development Strategy of Tibet Rangeland Animal Industry

The present paper analyzes the situation of the animal raising in Tibet and suggests a readjustment of its development strategy. The traditional practice of raising livestock only on the rangeland needs to be changed gradually to a half-farming-half-stockraising pattern. Combining of the two agriculture branches-cultivating forages to raise domestic animals, farming supporting animal industry, a pattern of different function division areas is formed: an animal raising area (to breed and reproduce animals); a half-farming-half-stockraising area (to feed and fatten the animals),and an industrial and trading area (to process and sell animal products). The Ningchi rangeland area in eastern Tibet could be further exploited for forage cultivation in order to increase its grazing capacity. Lhasa, capital of the Autonomous Region, and the Shannan area (southern slopes of the Himalayas) should be further developed as distributing centers of animal industry products. The rangeland of Nagri area in northern Tibet and that of the Nagqu area in central-northern Tibet should be fenced as non-grazing zones or natural rangeland reserves. Persistent effort should be exerted to developing forage industry, cultivating rangeland and meadows to provide sufficient feed for livestock animals. The number of animals should be restricted to suit the rangeland carrying capacity; and the increase of livestock be consistent with the increase of rangeland acreage. Meat processing factories and packing houses can be built in the lower-altitude towns and cities along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Line to promote the growth of livestock raising and yak raising of eastern and central-northern Tibet. At the same time, goat-raising farms in northern Tibet, wool fabric industry and dairy industry could be organized and grow. Frontier trade and export of livestock products could be expanded in the borderland.