东北麦田土壤微生物、小型动物及其生化活性的季节动态

初步研究了东北麦田土壤微生物、微生物呼吸速率、小型动物和生化作用的季节变化规律及其与土壤生态因素的关系 ,分析了土壤微生物、微生物呼吸速率、小型动物和生化作用之间的相互影响。结果表明 ,土壤微生物、微生物呼吸速率、小型动物和生化作用具有明显的季节变化规律 ,其中土壤细菌、放线菌、湿生性线虫类、纤维素分解作用、固氮作用、有机磷转化作用、硝化作用、氨化作用和土壤微生物呼吸速率的最大值都出现在 7月份 ,土壤真菌、节肢动物弹尾类、无机磷转化作用的最大值出现在 6月份 ,比土壤细菌和放线菌等上述指标提前 1个月。节肢动物蜱螨类全年有 2个峰值 ,分别出现在 4月份和 8月份 ,土壤弱势类群全年高峰值出现在 8月份。在 6种环境因素中 ,除了土壤pH值以外 ,土壤温度、含水量、活性有机质、水解氮、有效磷对土壤微生物、微生物呼吸速率、小型动物和生化作用存在着不同程度的影响。在土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌与小型土壤动物的消涨关系中 ,除了土壤蜱螨类、弱势类群以外 ,弹尾类、线虫类与土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌存在着较强的依存关系。土壤微生物和动物对土壤生化作用有不同程度的贡献率

The seasonal dynamics of soil microorganism, mini-animal and their biochemical activities in the wheat field of northeastern China

The seasonal dynamics of soil microorganism, mini-animals, microbial respiration rate and biochemical effects, the relationships with the soil ecological factors were preliminarily studied, and the relationship between them were also analyzed in the wheat field of northeastern China. The results indicated that the soil microorganism, mini-animals, microbial respiration rate and biochemical effects have obvious seasonal variation in which the biggest values of the soil bacteria, actinomyces, hydra-nematoda, microbial respiration rate, cellulose decomposing rate, nitrogen fixing, organic phosphorus transformation, nitrification, ammonification and microbial respiration rate were in July, the fungus, arthropod collembola and inorganic phophorus transformation in June, the arthropod acarina was in the April and August, and the biggest values of soil inferior groups was in August, respectively. In 6 environmental factors, the soil temperature, water content, hydrolytic nitrogen, effective phosphorus and active organic matter, except pH, affected soil microorganism, mini-animals, microbial respiration rate and biochemical effects in different degree. In the fluctuating relationships between the soil bacteria, funguses, actinomyces and the soil mini-animals, except the soil arthropod collembola and the inferior groups, arthropod acarina and nematoda had bigger interdependent relationship. The soil microorganism and mini-animals contributed to the soil biochemical effects in different degree.