春化及光周期基因的等位变异及其对冬小麦光合及产量性状的影响

为了解春化及光周期基因对小麦光合及产量性状的影响,在抗旱棚中对冬麦区广泛种植的58个冬小麦品种进行水分胁迫和正常灌水处理,在灌浆期调查其光合性状,收获后调查其产量性状,并利用分子标记检测其春化及光周期基因的等位变异,进而分析在正常灌水和水分胁迫下春化及光周期基因的等位变异对光合及产量性状的影响。结果表明,供试材料中春化基因Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1位点的出现频率分别为8.62%和43.10%,未检测到春化基因Vrn-A1位点;光周期非敏感型位点Ppd-D1a的出现频率为91.38%。充分灌水条件下,含有vrn-D1位点的品种的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及单株生物量均较含有其显性位点的品种高,而在水分胁迫下,含有vrn-D1位点的品种仍能维持较高胞间CO2浓度、单株生物量及单株籽粒产量,表明该基因型可能更适应干旱环境。综上所述,春化及光周期基因对光合及产量性状有一定影响,携带vrn-D1位点的品种具有高且稳定的光合能力及产量水平,在小麦高光效育种中应注意利用。

Effect of Allelic Variation of Vernalization and Photoperiod Genes on Photosynthetic and Yield Traits in Winter Wheat

In this research,58 wheat cultivars were used to test the effects of allelic variations of Vrn1[QX)] and Ppd-D1 genes on photosynthetic and yield traits,by using STS markers of the corresponding genes. The experiment was conducted in rainout shelters,including two water treatments of water stressed and well watered,the photosynthetic and yield related traits were investigated. The results showed that all the wheat cultivars carried recessive Vrn-A1,and the frequency of dominant Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 was 8.62% and 43.10%,respectively,while the frequency of Ppd-D1a was 91.38%.Under well watered condition,cultivars with vrn-D1 had significantly better performance on photosynthetic rate,transpiration efficiency and biomass per plant than those with Vrn-D1; while under water stressed condition,cultivars with vrn-D1 maintained higher intercellular CO₂ concentration,biomass per plant and grain yield per plant,indicating that cultivars with vrn-D1 may be more adapted to arid environments. In summary,cultivars with vrn-D1 had higher photosynthetic rate and yield,which might be used in wheat breeding for high photosynthetic efficiency.