氮肥用量对设施辣椒产量和经济效益及氮肥利用率的影响

【目的】研究设施辣椒最适施氮量,为减少化肥投入,提供种子依据。【方法】采用“2+x”试验设计方案,以常规施肥和优化施肥为基础,进行氮肥总量控制研究,分析氮肥对设施辣椒生长、产量、经济效益和肥料利用率的影响。【结果】优化氮区辣椒生长发育综合性状、产量及经济效益均高于其它处理,产量为4 560.23 kg/667 m²,纯收入11 211.17元/ 667 m²,产投比60.19。经线性模拟分析,辣椒产量和用氮量存在显著相关性,当纯氮施用量为25.9 kg/667m²时,产量达到最大值4 586.3 kg/667 m²。优化施肥处理的氮肥贡献率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥吸收利用率最大,分别为49.56%、150.67 kg/kg、21.7%,且利用效率随着施氮量的增加呈先增大后降低的变化规律,氮肥偏生产力随氮肥用量增加呈显著下降趋势。【结论】适量水平的氮肥能促进辣椒正常生长发育、获得高产、高收益,发挥氮肥的最佳效率。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate on Yield,Economic Benefit and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

【Objective】 To find out the optimum nitrogen application rate for greenhouse capsicum in the hope of reducing the input of chemical fertilizer.In order to reduce fertilizer input, finding out the most suitable amount of N fertilizer. 【Method】The study adopted "2+x" test design scheme and analyzed effects of nitrogen fertilizer on greenhouse pepper growth, yield, economic benefits and nitrogen use efficiency based on conventional and optimized fertilization. 【Result】The results showed that comprehensive characters of growth and development, yield and economic benefit of the greenhouse pepper in the nitrogen optimized area were higher than those of other treatments. The result of linear analog showed that the product of pepper and N fertilizer amount had significantly positive relationship. When the nitrogen application amount was 25.9 kg/667m²,the yield reached the maximum value: The N fertilizer contribution rate of the optimized N fertilization dispose was 49.56%;The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was 150.67 kg/kg; the nitrogen recovery use efficiency was 21.7%, which was the best of all the disposes. In addition, the utilization efficiency increased at first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate. 【Conclusion】An appropriate level of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the normal growth and development of pepper, obtained high yield and high income, and exerted the best efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer.