不同配置模式下机采棉脱叶催熟视觉症状及机理

【目的】分析机采棉脱叶和吐絮视觉症状和影响因素,研究不同脱叶剂在棉田的脱叶催熟规律,为脱叶剂在新疆早熟棉区的推广和应用提供科学依据。【方法】设置不同脱叶剂处理,在每个处理内外行选择长势均匀的棉株进行挂牌调查,分析取样叶和棉铃。【结果】叶片脱落的先后顺序是上层先掉小叶、新叶,后掉大叶、老叶、主茎叶,间隔3~5 d;中下层先掉主茎叶、大叶、老叶,后掉其他叶,间隔3~5 d;整体棉株主茎叶、铃对位叶先脱落,其他叶片,如铃上位叶、铃下位叶后脱落,间隔3~5 d。棉铃吐絮顺序是自下而上,内行快于外行1~2 d。叶片脱落过程中叶片颜色由绿色4~5 d后变成褐红色再过3~4 d后变成黄色,形态上由正常4~5 d后形成斑点,4~5 d后斑点连片,再过4~5 d后整叶老化干枯。离层在喷药后3~5 d先从下部裂开,再过3~5 d后断裂,形成完整离层。叶片脱落和棉铃吐絮顺序受到棉花品种(生育期121~125 d)、配置(66 cm+10 cm或76 cm+76 cm)、施药时间(9月5~15日)、药剂浓度(225~525 mL/hm²)、药剂种类、温度(日均温>18℃,最低温度>12℃)、雨、风(>3级)、草害、病虫害、支撑点(>1)及外界碰撞等内外因素的影响。【结论】喷药后3~5 d开始出现脱叶和吐絮加快症状,20 d后脱叶基本稳定,脱叶率83%~99%以上,吐絮率增加到81%以上。

Analysis of Visual Symptoms and Mechanism of Machine-Picked Cotton under Different Configuration Modes

【Objective】 To study the visual symptoms and the influencing factors of machine-picked cotton and make clear the defoliation and ripening rule of the effects of different defoliants in the hope of providing the scientific basis for the promotion and application of the defoliant in the early-maturing cotton area in Xinjiang. 【Method】 By setting up different defoliant treatments, cotton plants with uniform growth in the inner and outer rows were selected in each treatment, and leaves and bolls were sampled for analysis. 【Result】 The order of leaf detachment was that the small leaf or new leaf first dropped and then the old leaf or main stem leaf dropped on the upper layer, Interval of 3 to 5 days;it was opposite trend on the middle and lower layers,Interval of 3 to 5 days. A far as through grant,the stem leaf or para leaf of bell first dropped, then others,Interval of 3 to 5 days The order of the opening bell was that from top to bottom, frist the inner row then the outer row after 1-2 days of machine-made cotton. When leaf dropping, the color of leaf changed from green to red after 4-5 days, then yellow after 4-5 days, the spots was first appeared after 4-5 days, then drying of the whole leaves after 4-5 days. The separation layer was splited from the lower part after 4-5 days and broken after 4-5 days again. The order of leaf dropping and boll opening were effected on internal and external factors which from cotton variety(The growth period is 121-125 days), allocation(66 cm+10 cm or 76 cm+76 cm), time of spray(Sep.5-15), concentration(225-525 mL/hm²)and type of defoliant, temperature(average daily temperature >18℃, minimum temperature >12℃), rain, wind(>3), grass, diseases and insect pests, support point(>1) etc.【Conclusion】 Defoliation and flocculation acceleration symptoms began to appear 3-5 days after spraying, and defoliation was basically stable after 20 days,the rate of defoliation was over 83%-99%, and the rate of flocculation increased to over 81%.It was better referenced for defoliant technology.