新疆早中熟棉花品种果枝数、果节数与成铃结构

【目的】分析182个南疆棉花品种(系)果枝数、果枝分布、果节数及果枝果节与成铃的关系,研究南疆早中熟棉花品种果枝数、果节数选择指数,为棉花高产育种提供理论依据。【方法】采用品种对比试验方法,收集比较新疆不同遗传背景的182个品种(系),测试不同品种(系)果枝数、果枝分布、果节数、成铃数等性状,分析南疆棉区气候条件下果枝、果节构成及果枝果节与成铃关系。【结果】182个南疆棉花品种的果枝数为4.6~10台, 果节数为7.6~21个,结铃数为5.4~12.2个,内围铃∶外围铃=3∶1;不同品种的果节数和单株结铃,随着果枝数的增加而增加,差异显著;果枝数与果节数、结铃数、内围铃数、上部铃数呈极显著正相关,果节数与结铃数、内围铃、外围铃、下部铃及中部铃具有极显著正相关性。【结论】在南疆气候条件下,应选择果枝数为8~10台果枝、果节量为18~20个的棉花品种,更有利于充分利用南疆有限的热量、积温条件,形成更高的产量。

The Study on the Relationship among the Fruit Branch,Fruit Node and the Population Structure of Boll of Earlier and MiddleMaturity Cotton Varieties in Xinjiang

【Objective】 The aim of this study is to reveal the fruit branch number and distribution, the number of fruit nodes and the relationship between fruit branches and bolls of 182 early and medium maturing cotton varieties (lines) in southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing theoretical basis for high yield breeding. 【Method】 The fruit branch, fruit node and boll number per plant of 182 early and medium maturing cotton varieties were studied through comparative analysis under the cotton growth climate condition in Southern Xinjiang . 【Result】 The results showed the range of the fruit branch number, fruit node number and boll number per plant of 182 early and medium maturing cotton varieties were 4.6-10, 7.6-21, 5.4-12.2, respectively, and the ratio of interior boll number and exterior boll number was 3∶1; .The fruit node number and boll number per plant increased with the increase of fruit branch number, fruit node number and boll number per plant were different in different varieties. The number of fruit branches was significantly positively correlated with the number of nodes, boll number, inner boll number and upper part boll number, and the number of fruit nodes was significantly positively correlated with the boll nmber, interior boll number, exterior boll number, lower part boll number and middle part boll number. 【Conclusion】 Under the climatic conditions of southern Xinjiang, cotton varieties with the number of fruit branches 8-10 and fruit nodes 18-20 should be selected, which is more beneficial to make full use of the limited heat and accumulated temperature conditions in southern Xinjiang to form a higher yield.