不同枣品种含仁率及其育性

【目的】枣树含仁率的高低是影响杂交育种进程的因素之一,选出适宜的母本,加快枣树杂交育种进程。【方法】2016~2018年,以41个枣品种为试材,研究其含仁率、瘪仁率、可育率和双仁率的变化规律,并与原产地及山东地区的8个枣品种含仁率进行比较。【结果】枣品种间的含仁率、瘪仁率、可育率、双仁率差异较大,其含仁率在0~143.33%,瘪仁率在0~60%,可育率在0~140%,双仁率在0~43.33%;2016年可育率的变异系数比2017年和2018年可育率变异系数大;相关性分析,可知含仁率越高,可育率和双仁率越高。其中对8个枣品种含仁率与山东地区相比发现75%的品种较山东地区增加了1.11%~56.42%。北碚小枣、蜂蜜罐、伏脆蜜、疙瘩脆、核桃纹、衡阳珍珠、红大一号、乐金4号、临县水团枣、鲁枣10号、鲁枣1号、鲁枣4号、鲁枣5号、鲁枣9号、露脆枣、乳脆蜜、相枣、鸭食、圆铃2号19个枣品种的含仁率、可育率高,瘪仁率低,适宜选作杂交母本。【结论】枣品种间的含仁率差异较大,同时不同产地、年份对枣品种的含仁率也有一定的影响。在杂交育种的过程中可根据育种目标选择含仁率、可育率高,瘪仁率低的品种作杂交母本。

Study on Seed Content and Fertility of Different Jujube Varieties

【Objective】 The seed content of jujube is one of the factors that affect the process of hybrid breeding. This project aims to select suitable female parent and speed up the process of hybrid breeding of jujube. 【Method】 From 2016 to 2018, 41 jujube cultivars were used as test materials to study the variation rules of kernel contents of the seeds, shrunken kernel rate, fertility and double kernel content, and also, the kernel contents of eight jujube varieties were compared with those of the original places and of Shandong Provinc. 【Result】 The results showed that among the jujube varieties, there were great differences in kernel content, shriveled kernel rate, fertility rate and double kernel rate. The kernel contents of the seeds was 0-143.33%, shrunken kernel rate was 0-60%, fertility was 0-140%, and double kernel rate was 0-43.33%. The coefficient of variation of fertility in 2016 was larger than that in 2017 and 2018; Through correlation analysis, we saw that the higher the kernel content, the higher the fertility rate and the double kernel rate. Compared with Shandong area, the kernel content of 8 jujube varieties in this area was 1.11%-56.42% higher than that in Shandong area. Cluster analysis showed that 19 varieties of Beibeixaiozao, Fengmiguan, Fucuimi, Gedacui, Hetaowen, Hengyangzhenzhu, Hongdayihao, Lejinsihao, Linxianshuituanzao, Luzaoshihao, Luzaoyihao, Luzaosihao, Luzaowuhao, Luzaojiuhao, Lucuizao, Rucuimi, Xiangzao, Yashi, Yuanlingerhao had high kernel content, high fertility rate and low shriveled kernel rate, which were suitable for selection as hybrid female parent. 【Conclusion】 The kernel content of jujube varieties varies greatly, and at the same time, different producing areas and year also have certain influence on the kernel content of jujube varieties. In the process of hybrid breeding, the varieties with high yield, high fertility and low shrunken kernel rate could be selected as the hybrid female parent according to the breeding objective.