棉花体细胞培养再生不育株的性状及细胞学研究

研究了以陆地棉（Ｃｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍ）晋棉７号、冀合３２１、冀棉７１３、珂字棉３２１、珂字棉２０１等品种为外植体的体细胞培养获得再生突变不育株的形态性状及减数分裂过程中染色体的行为。与再生可育株相比，不育株的株型、分枝、叶、花各器官均较小。花柱、柱头、花丝、花药小而呈萎缩干瘪状，花药不开裂。减数分裂不正常，染色体普遍丢失减少，不能正常配对，出现很多单价体和染色体桥。产生二分体、三分体和多分体，也有正常的四分体。雌配子体和雌配子发育也不正常，胚囊结构不完整，反足细胞迟迟解体，表现雌雄不育。

Study on the charactetrstics of the regenerated sterile plant of cot-ton cultivated by somatic culture and its cytology

Researches were made on the morphological characters and the chromosome be- havior during the meiosis of cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum L.) of Jinmian 7.Jihe321.Jimian 713.Coker 321.Coker 201 cultured by somatic culture with their explants toobtain regenerated mutant sterile plants.Compared with the regenerated fertile plants.the plant type. lateral branches.leaves.floral parts of the sterile plants are smaller.Thestele. stigma. filament and anther are small and withered. and anthers are not open. as well as the abnormal meiosis.The chromosome lost little and can not be paired with manyunivalent and chromosome bridges as well as many bivalent. trivalent and polyvalent.andsome normal tetravalent appearred.It showed the abnormal development of the female ga- mete and the female gametophyte.There are ununiform embryo sac.late disintegrated an-tipodal cell to show the male and female sterile.