杂交小麦基本苗与产量结构关系的研究

按小窝疏株密植种植方式，设置基本苗6苗／窝、4苗／窝和2苗／窝3个处理，研究了基本苗数对杂交小麦产量结构的影响。试验表明，降低基本苗后，杂交小麦的单株成穗能力有极大提高，基本苗6苗／窝、4苗／窝和2苗／窝的单株成穗数分别为1．5个、2．0个和3．6个，穗长、有效小穗数和穗粒数都有提高，单穗籽粒产量差异不显著，单株籽粒产量极显著提高，基本苗4苗／窝和2苗／窝的单株产量分别是6苗／窝的单株产量的1．58倍和2．93倍，基本苗4苗／窝的单位面积产量最高，与6苗／窝间无显著性差异。研究结果表明，重庆地区杂交小麦种植的合理基本苗约4苗／窝，折合约8～9万苗／667m^2；通过精量播种，充分发挥杂交小麦在营养生长方面的优势，促进植株的个体发育，提高繁殖系数，降低用种号和种子成本，提高种植效益。

STUDY ON THE REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN BASIC SEEDLINGS AND YIELD- CONTRIBUTING FACTORS IN HYBRID WHEAT

The cultivation mode of planting wheat in small and densely arranged hills with low plant density per hole was used, with 6, 4 and 2 basic seedlings per hill (Treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Reduction of the number of basic seedling per hill significantly increased full - grown spikes per plant, being 1.5, 2.0 and 3.6, respectively, in the above 3 treatments. It also increased spike length, effective spikelet number and grain number per spike. The difference of grain yield per spike was non - significant among the treatments. Grain yield per plant of Treatments 2 and 3 was 1.58 and 2.93 times that of Treatment 1, the difference being highly significant statistically. The difference in grain yield per unit area between Treatments 1 and 2 was non - significant. It is, therefore, concluded that the appropriate density of basic seedling in wheat cultivation in Chongqing is 4 basic seedlings per hill, or 80 000 to 90 000 plants/mu (15 mu = 1 hm2 ).