密度和施肥方式对定向槽浅生栽培紫山药产量的影响

为探讨种植密度和施肥方式对紫山药产量的影响，提高紫山药定向槽浅生栽培的生产技术水平，采用大田试验，以紫色山药品种‘紫玉淮山’为试验品种，设置0.25 m×1.4 m、0.3 m×1.4 m、0.35 m×1.4 m和0.4 m×1.4 m 4 个不同的种植密度水平及常规化肥、缓控释肥2 种施肥方式，比较分析紫山药产量。种植密度处理表明，定向槽浅生栽培条件下，紫山药单株平均产量随着株距的增加而增加，其中种植密度为0.4 m×1.4 m的处理单株平均产量最高；而单位面积产量则与之相反，种植密度为0.25 m×1.4 m时产量最高。施肥方式处理表明，通过种植前一次性施入缓控释肥能够比分3 次施入常规化肥获得更高产量，其中在密度0.25 m×1.4 m的小区，施缓控释肥比施常规化肥平均增产0.17 kg/株，理论产量增加3779.1 kg/hm2。因此，定向槽浅生栽培方式下，0.25 m×1.4 m的种植密度+缓控释肥有利于紫山药高产、高效种植。

Effects of Different Planting Densities and Fertilizer Methods on Yield of Purple Yam with the Directional-notch Technology

A field trial was conducted to improve the level of cultivation and to evaluate the effects of different planting densities and fertilizer methods on yield of purple yam with the directional-notch technology. Purple yam was cultivated in the field experiment which had four planting densities (0.25 m×1.4 m, 0.3 m×1.4 m, 0.35 m×1.4 m, 0.4 m×1.4 m) and two kinds of fertilizations (basal application of conventional bulk blend fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer). The results showed that: the yield of purple yam per plant increased with the increasing of planting density, and the yield was the highest under the planting density of 0.4 m×1.4 m. Conversely, the yield of per unit area was in contrast to the yield per plant, while the planting density of 0.25 m×1.4 m had the highest yield. The fertilization experiment showed that the purple yam yield per plant under the basal application of non- coated slow- release fertilizer was 0.17 kg higher than that under the conventional bulk blend, which meant that the yield was 3779.1 kg higher per hectare. Therefore, the planting density of 0.25 m×1.4 m with slow-release fertilizer was an effective way of planting purple yam.