洋葱细胞质雄性不育系及保持系小孢子发生的细胞学观察

为揭示洋葱细胞质雄性不育系小孢子的败育时期，利用石蜡切片技术对洋葱细胞质雄性不育系8A及其保持系8B的小孢子发育过程进行观察和比较。结果表明：石蜡切片洋葱细胞质雄性不育系8A和保持系8B造孢组织时期小孢子的生长发育没有明显的差异；洋葱不育系8A花药绒毡层在花粉母细胞时期就与中层完全分离，并逐渐膨大挤压花粉母细胞，最后逐渐降解。其降解后的残余物侵入药室，与小孢子混合粘连在一起，占据药室的一部分空间，并且不能供给小孢子生长发育所需要的营养物质，最终小孢子降解，花药败育。试验明确了洋葱细胞质雄性不育系8A的小孢子败育时期为花粉母细胞时期。因此，在洋葱雄性不育系8A的不育机理研究中，应重点在花粉母细胞时期进行深入研究。

Observation on Cytomorphology of Microsporogenesis in Male Sterile Line and Maintainer Line of Allium cepa

In order to reveal the microspore abortive period of Allium cepa cytoplasmic male sterile lines, the microspore development of Allium cepa cytoplasmic male sterile line 8A and its maintainer line 8B was observed and compared by using paraffin section technology. Paraffin section results showed that there was no obvious difference between the growth and development of the microspore in the Allium cepa cytoplasmic male sterile line 8A and its maintainer line 8B during the sporogenous tissue stage. The anther tapetum of the Allium cepa sterile lines 8A completely separated with middle layer cells in pollen mother cell stage, and gradually expanded and extruded pollen mother cells, and then gradually degraded. The residue of degradation invaded into the anther chamber, and mixed together with microspore and adhered to it, and occupied part of the anther chamber and could not supply the nutrients needed for microspore growth, finally microspore degraded, anthers were abortive. This article makes clear that the microspore abortive period of Allium cepa cytoplasmic male sterile line 8A is in the pollen mother cell stage. Therefore, the pollen mother cell stage should be mainly studied in the sterility mechanism study of Allium cepa cytoplasmic male sterile line 8A.