云南临翔区油菜主产区土壤养分调查与配方施肥

目的]了解云南省临沧市I临翔区油菜主产区种植土壤养分现状，提出充分发挥土壤生产潜力的配方施肥建议，促进当地油菜增产、增收。方法】通过土样采集、室内检测，结合油菜的需肥量调查，进行配方施肥计算。结果¨盘翔区油菜种植主产区土壤有机质及氮磷钾等养分含量普遍处于中等或以上水平，但一半多的土壤呈酸性和强酸性，土壤pH在5．5以下，土壤缺硼现象较严重，平均值接近60％的土壤样本水溶态硼含量小于0．5nag／kg。结论J在3750kg／hm。的目标产量下，肥料N、P，0，、K，0的总补施量分别为300、195、195kg／hm。。在施用农家肥15000kg／hm。的情况下，化肥N、P：0。K：0应分别补施240、150、75k∥hm。。氮肥品种选择对土壤酸化作用最弱的是尿素（含N46％），施用量约为525kg／hm。，用碱性钙镁磷肥（含P，0；20％）替代普钙，施用量为750kg／hm。，硫酸钾（含K：050％）为150kg／hm。，土壤基施硼砂7．5kg／hm‘，在抽薹期喷施液体硼肥7．5g／hm。。

Investigation on Soil Nutrients and Formulated Fertilization of Rapeseed in Lixiiang County of Yunnan Province

Objective ] The aims were to learn the soil nutrient status of the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County, Yunnan Prov- ince, and propose recommendations for full production potential of soil and fertilizer, thereby promoting local rapeseed production and income. Method] The soil samples collected in field and tested in laboratory, investigation on amount of fertilizer needed by rapeseed was combined to calculate the formulated fertilization. Result] Most of the soil organic matter and nutrient content of NPK were at the middle or higher level in the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County. However, more than half of the soils were acidic or strongly acidic, the soil pH were below 5.5. The shortage soil boron was more serious, the average content and nearly 60% of the sample of soil available boron were less than 0.5 mg/kg. Conclusion] To achieve the goal of 3 750 kg/hm：, the total applied amount of N, P205, K20 were separately 300, 195, 195 kg/hm2. The applied amount of chemical fertilizer N, P205, K20 should be respectively 240, 150, 75 kg/hmz, if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/hm2. Tile nitrogen species of urea （containing N 46% ）, causing weakest effect on soil acidification, was selected and applied about 525 kg/hm2. The alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate （ P20s 20% ） , alternating superphosphate, was applied with about 750 kg/hm2. Sulfuric acid potassium （ K20 50% ） was applied with about 150 kg/hm2. About 7.5 kg/hm2 borax was applied into soil as basal fer- tilizer, while spraying 7.5 kg/hm2 fluid boron at the bolting stage.