夏大豆瘪荚率的遗传分析

大豆荚而不实在黄淮区大豆生产中频繁发生,为探讨不同大豆品种荚而不实的遗传差异,以瘪荚率为指标,对豫豆25号×中黄24、冀黄13×中黄13和冀黄13×开豆16等3个杂交组合P1、P2、F1、F2等4个世代瘪荚率进行联合分离分析。结果表明:在相同的种植条件下,5个亲本的瘪荚率存在显著差异(6.26%～90.96%)。3个组合瘪荚率的变异主要由遗传因素引起,且均检测到主基因的存在,但主基因的遗传率均较低,分别为13.40%、29.17%和32.42%。说明大豆荚而不实现象的瘪荚率是典型的数量性状,育种上应以聚合回交及轮回选择等方法聚合有利基因。

Genetic Analysis on Useless Pod Rate of Summer Soybean

The phenomenon of pods without peas is currently one of the major factors influencing summer soybean production in the Huanghuai Valleys.A joint segregation analysis was conducted to investigate hereditary differences of soybean varieties using the useless pod rate as an indicator.The analysis on the useless pod rate of soybean from four generations(P1,P2,F1 and F2) of three cross-combinations(Yudou 25×Zhonghuang 24,Jihuang 13× Zhonghuang 13 and Jihuang 13×Kaidou 16) showed that these five parent varieties differed significantly in the incidence of useless pod rates(6.26%-90.96%).Variations of proportion of useless pod rates mainly caused by genetic factors in the three cross-combinations,and further controlled by major genes,but the major gene heritability was low,ranging from 13.40% to 32.42%.This study demonstrated the useless pod rate in pods without peas phenomenon was a typical quantitative hereditary trait,and the soybean breeding should converge beneficial genes through using the convergent backcross method and recurrent selection method.