华重楼野生种群表型变异研究

目的 综合分析华重楼Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara野生种群的表型变异规律，为其种质资源保护、药材资源开发利用和繁育改良提供理论支撑。方法 以我国分布区内7个野生华重楼地理种群为研究对象，对其17个表型性状进行系统测量，利用方差分析、变异系数分析、多重比较分析和相关性分析等多种数理统计分析方法，探讨其表型变异规律及其与地理气候因子的关系。结果 除叶片数和花萼片数外，野生华重楼其他15个表型性状在种群间和种群内有显著或极显著的差异；种群内的变异(方差分量占比为52.19%)大于种群间的变异(方差分量占比为26.39%)，表型性状的平均分化系数为34.27%，种群内变异是华重楼表型变异的主要来源；各表型性状的平均变异系数为17.72%，变异幅度为6.83%~29.95%，花梗长、叶面积、花萼面积和株高的变异幅度远大于平均变异系数，叶片数、花萼片数、果球横径、果球纵径、果球横纵比和种子千粒质量的变异幅度远小于平均变异系数，表明华重楼花、叶的数量指标及果球、种子的性状稳定性大于叶片形态性状的稳定性；相关分析表明，大多数表型因子与地理气候因子之间存在显著或极显著的相关性。结论 广东清远地理种群变异最为丰富，可作为种质资源收集保存的优选对象。

Phenotypic variations in wild populations of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis

Objective To comprehensively analyze the phenotypic variations in wild populations of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara, and provide a theoretical support for the protection of germplasm resources, development and utilization of medicinal materials, and breeding improvement.Method The seven wild populations of P. polyphylla var. chinensis in China were used as materials. Based on the measurement of 17 phenotypic traits, by the analyses of variance, variation coefficient, multiple comparisons and correlation, the phenotypic variation and its relationship with geographical climate factors were discussed.Result Except the numbers of leaf and calyx, the other 15 phenotypic traits of wild P. polyphylla var. chinensis showed significant or extremely significant differences among and within populations. The variation within populations (Percentage of variance component was 52.19%) was greater than that among populations (Percentage of variance component was 26.39%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient of phenotypic traits was 34.27% and the main source of variation was within populations. The average variation coefficient of each phenotypic trait was 17.72% and variation coefficient ranged from 6.83% to 29.95%. The variation ranges of peduncle length, leaf area, calyx area and plant height were higher than the average variation coefficients of these five traits, while those of leaf number, calyx number, fruit transverse diameter, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter to longitudinal diameter ratio and seed 1000-grain weight were far less than the mean variation coefficients, indicating that the stabilities of flower and leaf quantitative trait indexes, fruit and seed traits were greater than those of leaf shape traits. Correlation analysis showed that most of the 17 phenotypic traits had significant or extremely significant correlations with the geographical and climatic factors.Conclusion The wild populations of P. polyphylla var. chinensis in Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province have the most abundant geographical population variations and can be used as the optimal target for germplasm collection and preservation.