采用多元统计分析方法构建南极磷虾粉品质评价体系

南极磷虾是一种重要的战略性海洋生物资源，营养价值高，资源量大，开发利用前景广阔。为了构建南极磷虾粉品质评价体系，为南极磷虾粉品质的科学评价提供依据。通过检测15项南极磷虾粉品质指标，采用因子分析筛选品质评价指标，应用概率分布分级品质评价指标，通过层次分析确定品质评价指标权重，利用K-均值聚类分析和判别分析建立南极磷虾粉品质判别函数。结果表明：1）南极磷虾粉品质指标之间离散度有差异，变异系数在8.89%～84.46%；2）从15项指标中选择6项作为南极磷虾粉品评价指标（蛋白质、脂质、盐分、赖氨酸、生育酚、挥发性盐基氮）；3）建立了南极磷虾粉品质评价指标的分级标准和评分标准；4）建立了南极磷虾粉品质判别函数，判别率较高。该研究构建的南极磷虾粉品质评价体系为南极磷虾粉品质评价提供了科学依据，可以用于南极磷虾粉的品质定性判别和评价。

Establishment of a quality evaluation system for Antarctic krill meal using multivariate statistics

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) meal has been widely recognized as the most important marine product of protein with highly nutritional values and huge resources. It is also mainly used in the field of aquacultural feed and oil extraction of an Antarctic krill. Therefore, the quality of Antarctic krill meal is crucial to its application. However, the quality evaluation on the Antarctic krill meal varies in different conditions, even conflicts in the related information expression. In this study, a feasible quality evaluation system was established to assess the Antarctic krill meal using the principal component analysis. 15 quality indicators of an Antarctic krill meal were classified, including the moisture, protein, lipid, ash, salt, phospholipid, astaxanthin, tocopherol, acid value, histamine, TVB-N, pyrrole, fluorine, lysine, and methionine. A SPSS 24.0 software was used to carry out the probability distribution, analytical hierarchy process, K-means cluster, and discriminant analysis. A factor analysis was performed to select the primary quality indicators from 15 quality indices of an Antarctic krill meal. The probability distribution and analytical hierarchy process were used to grade and determine the weights of the quality indicators. The K-means cluster and discriminant analysis were employed to establish the discriminant model of a quality evaluation for the Antarctic krill meal. The results demonstrated that the quality indicators of an Antarctic krill meal were dispersed with the coefficient of variation from 8.89 % to 84.46 %. Six quality indicators of an Antarctic krill meal (protein, lipid, salt, lysine, tocopherol, and TVB-N) were in the highly significant correlation with the quality of Antarctic krill meal, further to serve as the indicators of quality evaluation for the Antarctic krill meal. Five grades were divided in the six quality indicators, including the lower, low, medium, high, and higher level, indicating normal or near normal distributions. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of six principal components were 92.263 %. The importance of 6 principal components and the comprehensive evaluation model were selected to establish the quality grading standards and scoring system for the Antarctic krill meal. The results showed that a highly accurate quality evaluation was achieved in the various Antarctic krill meal, whether the modeling samples or experimental ones. Therefore, the scores from the prediction model can be utilized to fully distinguish the quality indicators, such as protein, lipid, salt, lysine, tocopherol, and TVB-N in the tested samples. Combining the grade and score of quality indicators, it was found that the quality of an Antarctic krill meal was a comprehensive effects of different components in the Antarctic krill meal. The prediction model can also be used to accurately distinguish and evaluate the difference in the quality of Antarctic krill meal. This finding can provide a basic information support to establish the evaluation system, further to realize the comprehensive detection in the quality of Antarctic krill meal. The facile evaluation can also be extended to the scientific quality evaluation of fish meal.