复合功能性基质对甜瓜生长及果实品质的影响

以甜瓜品种西州蜜25 号为试材，以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩（体积比2∶1∶1）为基础基质，将2 倍或4 倍Hoagland 营养液、 保水剂、枯草芽孢杆菌等混配成不同复合功能性基质，探究营养液浓度、保水剂和枯草芽孢杆菌混配对甜瓜生长发育及果实 品质的影响。结果表明，与仅添加2 倍和4 倍营养液肥料的处理（T1、T5）相比，营养液、保水剂和枯草芽孢杆菌三者混 配的基质（T4、T8）均可显著增加甜瓜植株的生物量，提高叶片叶绿素含量、光合作用和单果质量，促进果实可溶性蛋白 和可溶性糖含量积累，降低果实硝态氮和可滴定酸含量。由多因素方差分析结果可以看出，保水剂对增加叶片叶绿素含量、 提高水分利用效率、增加单果质量和果实可溶性糖含量、降低硝态氮含量效果最明显；枯草芽孢杆菌对增加植株生物量、促 进光合作用、提高果实可溶性蛋白及降低可滴定酸含量效果最明显。所有处理中，4 倍营养液条件下与保水剂和枯草芽孢杆 菌混配（T8）的处理效果最优。为此，在甜瓜基质栽培生产中，推荐选用以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩（体积比2∶1∶1）为基质， 混配含有4 倍营养液、保水剂（8 mL · L^-1）和枯草芽孢杆菌（2 g · L^-1）的复合功能性基质。

Effect of Compound Functional Substrate on Growth and Fruit Quality of Melon

Abstract：Taking melon variety ‘Xizhoumi No.25’as material，and peat，vermiculite，perlite （volume ratio 2∶1∶1） as basic substrate，mixing 2 or 4 times Hoagland nutrient solution，water-retaining agent and Bacillus subtilis to match substrates with different compound functions，this paper explored the effects of nutrient solution concentration，water-retaining agent mixed with Bacillus subtilis on melon growth，development and fruit quality．The results showed that comparing with the treament of only adding 2 and 4 times nutrient solution（T1，T5），the substrate mixed with nutrient solution，water-retaining agent，and Bacillus subtilis（T4，T8） could significantly increase the biomass，leaf chlorophyll content， photosynthesis，single fruit weight；promote the accumulation of soluble protein and sugar contents，and reduce the content of nitrate and titratable acid of melon fruit．Results of multi-factor variance analysis showed that water-retaining agent had the most evident effects on increasing leaf chlorophyll content，improving water use efficiency，increasing single fruit weight and fruit soluble sugar content，and reducing nitrate content．Bacillus subtilis had the most significant effect on increasing plant biomass，promoting photosynthesis，enhancing fruit soluble protein content and reducing titratable acid content．Among all treatments，T8 had the best result，i.e. mixing water-retaining agent with Bacillus subtilis and 4 times nutrient solution．Therefore，in melon substrate cultivation，it is recommended to use peat，vermiculite and perlite （volume ratio 2∶1∶1）as basic substrate，mixed with 4 times Hoagland nutrient solution，water-retaining agent（8 mL · L-1） and Bacillus subtilis（2 g · L-1），naming compound functional substrate．