扁豆菌核病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

近几年，在上海浦东扁豆主产区暴发了一种病害类似于其他作物上发生的菌核病。通过对分离纯化的病原菌进行形 态学观察、致病性鉴定以及分子生物学特征分析，确定了该致病菌就是核盘菌属的核盘菌〔Sclerotinia sclerotiorum（Lib.）de Bary〕，该菌可以感染扁豆全株，包括根、茎、叶、花、果实都能感染发病，并且能观察到菌核的形成。研究发现扁豆核盘 菌室内分离培养的最佳碳源是果糖，温度22 ℃，pH 为5，适当的逆境生长条件有利于菌核的形成。扁豆、大豆、普通白菜 来源的核盘菌在ITS rDNA 序列上存在差异。将3 种不同来源的核盘菌相比较，发现它们属于不同的融合群，对不同寄主存 在致病能力上的差异，但都能致病。

Identification of Hyacinth Bean Sclerotinia Pathogen and Its Biological Characteristics

In recent years，a sclerotinia disease similar to symptoms of the other crops has broken out at the main hyacinth bean producing area in Shanghai Pudong district．Through conducting mophological observation，pathogenicity identification on separated and purified pathogenic bacteria，analyzing molecular biology characteristics，we confirmed that the pathogen causing this disease was Sclerotinia sclerotiorum （Lib．）de Bary．This pathogen could infect the whole plant of hyacinth bean，including its root，stem， leaf，flower and pod．We had also observed the formation of its sclerotia．This study discovered that the best growth carbon source for indoor seperation and culture of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was fructose at 22 ℃， pH 5．Proper growth conditions under stress were in favour of forming sclerotia．There were differences existed in ITS rDNA sequences of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from hyacinth bean，soybean and pakchoi． Comparing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum originating from those different sources，we found that those strains belonged to different fusion groups，and they had discrepant pathogenicities to different hosts，but all of them could cause diseases．