入侵植物银胶菊对山东不同性状土壤的适应性

银胶菊(Parthenium hysterophorus)是一种重要的危险性外来入侵植物,为明确其潜在的扩散蔓延区域,在山东省不同区域采集31份土壤,并在盆栽条件下研究了银胶菊对采自山东省31份土壤的适应性。结果表明,银胶菊的生长对土壤依赖性不强,在23份土壤中生长正常,占总土壤份数的74.19%。从8个土壤性状指标来看,土壤水解性氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量、有机质含量以及土壤类型5个指标的高低不影响银胶菊正常生长,而土壤pH、土壤质地和土壤盐分含量3个指标是影响银胶菊生长的主要指标,其中银胶菊不适合在强酸性土壤、粘壤土或砂性土、盐分含量高的土壤生长。从区域来看,山东省鲁中山区和鲁西北平原区的土壤最适合银胶菊生长,另外胶东丘陵区、胶潍河谷平原区和鲁南山区也比较适合其生长,但鲁北滨海区和鲁西南平洼区不适合银胶菊生长。

Adaptability of a malignant invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus in different types of soil

Parthenium hysterophorus is an alien weed that is highly invasive in China.To better understand the potential area of spread for P.hysterophorus,a pot experiment was conducted to study the adaptability of P.hysterophorus in 31 different types of soil.Results showed that P.hysterophorus exhibited strong adaptability to different types of soil.There were 23 types of soil suitable for its growth,which was equivalent to 74.19％ of soils tested.The eight types of soil that were not suitable accounted for 25.81％.Moreover,results demonstrated that the growth of P.hysterophorus was not affected by nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,organic matter content,or soil type,but was affected by pH,soil texture,and salt content of the soil.In particular,it was adversely affected by highly acidic,clay loam or sandy soil and highly saline soil.This indicated that the soil of the mountainous regions of mid-Shandong and plain regions of northwestern Shandong were the most suitable to P.hysterophorus growth,and hill regions of eastern Shandong,plain regions of mid-Shandong and mountainous regions of southern Shandong were appropriate for its growth.However,the coastal regions of northern Shandong and plain regions of southwestern Shandong and low-lying areas were not suitable for P.h ysterophorus growth.