科尔沁沙地植物的生态及分布区型结构分析

为调查科尔沁沙地草原近年来植物多样性和植物生态特征,以反映该地区环境变化和植物生态适应性。本研究于2013年8月选取科尔沁沙地共56个样地,对样地植物按典型的科、属、种分类系统和株生长型、根生长型、Raunkiaer生活型、水分生态型及分布区型进行调查和分类,结果表明,科尔沁沙地具有典型的地面芽植物气候、中旱生生境条件、植物分布区系结构复杂的特征,共发现121种植物,隶属于31个科,6个株生长型,5个根生长型,6个生活型,5个水分生态类型和13个分布区型。其中,禾本科最多,占23.1%;菊科和豆科分别占22.3%和11.6%。株生长型结构以直立型种类最多,占37%;分枝型和丛生型分别占30%和19%。根生长型结构以直根型的种类最多,占61%;刷状根型和根茎型分别占22%和15%。生活型结构以地面芽植物种类最多,占35%;一年生植物和地面-地下芽植物分别占26%和14%。水分生态型以中生型植物种类最多,占44%;旱生型和中旱生型分别占26%和23%。分布区型结构中,蒙古-东北-兴安-华北分布区型(Mo-N-D-C)的植物种类占据首位,达30%;接下来是蒙古分布区型(Mo)和蒙古-东北-华北(Mo-N-C)分布区型,分别占18%和10%。结果表明,科尔沁沙地草原目前处于生态恢复的早期阶段,植物区系较复杂,水分环境没有发生重大变化,有利于该地区植物正向演替,但表层土壤生态环境依旧脆弱,一年生植物数量占绝对优势,应继续加强草地管理,合理保护和利用植物资源。

Analysis of structures of ecological and areal types of plant species in Horqin sandy land of China

To investigate plant diversity and ecological characteristics of plants in Horqin sandy land,and to reflect environmental change and ecological adaption traits,56 sample plots were established in 2013.Plants were classified according to growth form of the species,growth form of the roots,Raunkiaer life form,ecological type of water,and areal type.There were 121 species of plants in this region,belonging to 31 families.There were 6 plant growth forms,5 root growth forms,6 life forms,5 ecological water types,and 13 areal types.Gramineae was the most abundant accounting for 23.1％ of the plants,and composites and legumes accounted for 22.3％ and 11.6 ％,respectively.Plant growth forms were primarily the vertical type,accounting for 37 ％,followed by the branch type and cluster type that accounted for 30％ and 19％,respectively.Of the root growth forms,the taproot type was the most abundant,accounting for 61％,followed by brush root and rhizome type that accounted for 22％ and 15％,respectively.The structure of life style was primarily hemicryptophyte species,accounting for 35％,and annual plants and ground geophytes accounted for 26％ and 14％,respectively.The ecological water type was primarily the born in,accounting for 44％,followed by the xeric and mcsoxerophyte type that accounted for 26％ and 23％,respectively.Distribution structure of the species was primarily the Mongolian-Northeastern-Dahuricia-North China,accounting for 30％,followed by the Mongolia area and Mongoian-Northeastern-North China areal type that accounted for 18％ and 10％,respectively.These results indicate that the Horqin sandy land is at the early stage of ecological recovery.Its flora is complex,with a lack of large changes in water conditions,which are beneficial for the positive succession of plant communities.However,the top soil is still vulnerable,and most of plants are annual plant species.Thus,improvement of grassland management is still needed to protect and properly utilize the plant resources.