不同基因型菊芋耐盐生理及其生态适应性研究

本研究解析了菊芋耐盐生理及生态适应性的基因型差异,为菊芋抗逆品种筛选与生态建植提供了理论基础。试验以广适性品种河南品种(M1)和南菊芋1号(N1)为材料,设置低盐(100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl)和高盐(200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl)2个盐胁迫处理,观测了不同基因型菊芋品种的表观形态、抗氧化酶、内源激素等变化。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫明显抑制了菊芋苗期的生长发育,致使M1和N1品种植株矮化、根系发育受阻和干物质积累减少;(2)盐胁迫对M1品种叶绿素a(Chl-a)、叶绿素b(Chl-b)和总叶绿素(T-Chl)的合成没有影响(200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl Chl-a除外);而N1品种光合色素合成受阻;(3)低盐胁迫M1和N1品种超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著增强;高盐胁迫N1品种抗氧化酶活性明显下降,而M1品种较稳定(CAT除外);(4)低盐胁迫N1品种吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量相对稳定,但促进了赤霉素(GA₃)和脱落酸(ABA)的合成,M1品种内源激素含量均无明显变化;高盐胁迫N1品种IAA和GA₃含量明显降低,ABA无明显变化;M1品种GA₃含量增加,IAA和ABA含量相对稳定。不同基因型菊芋品种间耐盐性差异显著(M1>N1),且通过抗氧化酶活性、内源激素等内反馈调节机制,提高其生态适应性。

Physiological response and ecological adaptability of different Jerusalem artichoke genotypes to salt stress

The physiological and ecological adaptability of different genotypes of Jerusalem artichoke were analyzed to measure the responses of their morphology, antioxidant enzymes and endogenous hormones to salt stress. This study provides a theoretical basis for both varieties selection and ecological planting. Using the eurytopic varieties of Southern Jerusalem artichoke No.1 (N1) and Puyang Henan (M1) as experimental materials, two salt-stressed treatments of 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl (low salt level) and 200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl (high salt level) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in each case. The results showed that: 1) Salt stress significantly inhibited seedling growth in Jerusalem artichoke, resulting in plant dwarfing, stunted root growth and a dry matter decrease of M1 and N1. 2) Salt stress did not affect the synthesis of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll in M1 (except for chlorophyll-a under 200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl stress), but it blocked photosynthetic pigment synthesis in N1. 3) Low salt stress significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities in M1 and N1, while high salt stress markedly decreased enzyme activities in N1 and had no effect on enzyme activities in M1 (except for CAT). 4) Low salt stress promoted the synthesis of GA₃ (gibberellin) and ABA (abscisic acid) in N1, but IAA (indoleacetic acid) content was relatively stable and endogenous hormone content in M1 was not obviously changed. High salt stress decreased the content of IAA and GA₃ in N1, but there was no obvious change in ABA. The content of GA₃ in M1 increased, while IAA and ABA were relatively stable. The differences in salt tolerance between the Jerusalem artichoke genotypes were significant (M1>N1), and the internal adaptation of antioxidant enzymes and endogenous hormones could improve the plant’s ecological adaptability to salt stress.