甲磺草胺除草活性及对甘蔗的安全性研究

为明确甲磺草胺在蔗田的应用前景,采用温室盆栽法土壤处理对其杀草谱、除草活性及其对甘蔗的安全性进行了测定。结果表明:甲磺草胺对蔗田常见的禾本科、莎草科杂草和阔叶杂草有较好活性,当处理剂量为有效成分70 g/hm2时,对光头稗(Echinochloacolonum)、牛筋草(Eleusineindica)、马唐(Digitariasanguinalis)、香附子(Cyperusrotundus)、绿苋(Amaranthusviridis)和龙葵(Solanumnigrum)的鲜重抑制率均高于90%,对筒轴茅(Rottboellia cochinchinensis)、铜锤草(Oxalis corymbosa)和鹅绒藤(Cynanchum chinense)的鲜重抑制率高于80%;甲磺草胺对光头稗、牛筋草、马唐和香附子等4种主要蔗田杂草的除草活性均显著高于敌草隆;甲磺草胺在甘蔗品种‘新台糖22号’与光头稗、牛筋草、马唐和香附子之间的选择性系数依次为2.04、2.67、2.95和2.25,均明显高于对照药剂敌草隆的1.74、1.68、1.80和1.24;在甘蔗品种‘桂糖46号’与杂草间的选择性系数与‘新台糖22号’相近。研究结果表明甲磺草胺对蔗田多种主要杂草防效较好,且对广西种植面积最大的两种甘蔗品种安全,因此可以作为蔗田苗前除草剂的备选药剂。

Herbicidal Activity Evaluation of Sulfentrazone and Its Safety to Sugarcane

In order to explore its application prospect in sugarcane field in Guangxi, the weed controlling spectrum, herbicidal activity and safety of sulfentrazone to sugarcane were tested under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that sulfentrazone displayed good controlling effect on the common grasses, broadleaf weeds and sedge weeds in sugarcane. The fresh weight control effect was higher than 90% to Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Cyperus rotundus, Amaranthus viridis and Solanum nigrum as the treatment dose was 70 g/hm ² while the fresh weight control was higher than 80% to Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Oxalis corymbosa and Cynanchum chinense. Sulfentrazone howed higher herbicidal activity against E. colonum, E. indica, D. sanguinalis and C. rotundus than diuron. The selectivity index between ‘Xintaitang 22’ (a sugarcane variety) and E. colonum, E. indica, D. sanguinalis, C. rotundus was 2.04, 2.67, 2.95 and 2.25, respectively, which was much higher than that of diuron with corresponding selectivity index of 1.74, 1.68, 1.80 and 1.24, respectively. The selectivity index between ‘Guitang 46’ (another sugarcane variety) and the weed species mentioned above was similar to that of ‘Xintaitang 22’. This study indicated that sulfentrazone had a good control effect on a variety of major weeds in sugarcane fields and it was safe to the two sugarcane varieties that planted in large-scale in Guangxi. Therefore, it could be used as one of the alternative agents for pre-emergence herbicides in sugarcane fields.