琼北火山村墙体植物多样性及其生态学意义

对海南北部8处火山村建筑墙体植物进行了调查研究,以便了解其物种多样性和生态价值。研究结果表明:上述火山村共记录有88种墙体植物,隶属于43科77属。其中,蕨类植物6科8属8种,占总物种数的9.09%;被子植物37科69属80种,占90.91%。88种墙体植物中本地种68种,占77.27%;栽培种5种,归化种1种,逸生种4种,外来入侵种10种,分别占总物种数的5.68%、1.14%、4.55%和11.36%。就生态型而言,木本植物和草本植物的比例分别为43.18%和56.82%。88种墙体植物中共计有79种为热带分布型,占总物种数的89.77%。研究发现,火山石建筑墙体能很好的保存本地物种,避免其因农业生产活动而损失殆尽。因而在开展古村落保护和乡村旅游时,应科学合理地保护和利用这些墙体植物,实现生物多样性保护和古建筑保护的兼顾。

Species Diversity and Ecological Significance of Wall Plants on Traditional Volcanic Villages in Northern Hainan

The investigation of wall plants on eight traditional volcanic villages in Northern Hainan Island was carried out to determine the species diversity and ecological significance. 88 species from 77 genera of 43 families were recorded, consisting of 8 ferns and 80 angiosperms. Among them, 68 plants were native species (including two endemic species and one endangered plants), accounting for 77.27%. Five plants were cultivars (accounting for 5.68%), one plant was naturalized species (accounting for 1.14%), four plants were escaping species (accounting for 4.55%), and 10 plants were exotic invasive species (accounting for 11.36%). The proportion of woody plants and herbaceous plants was 43.18% and 56.82% respectively. There were 79 tropical species, accounting for 89.77% of the total plants. It was also found that the walls of volcanic villages had important ecological functions, which could well preserve the native species and avoid their loss due to agricultural production. Therefore, in the practice of traditional village protection and rural tourism, it was necessary to protect and utilize these wall plants reasonably, so as to achieve the balance between the protection of ancient buildings and biodiversity.