增施生物有机肥对食用木薯产量及品质的影响

本研究采取随机区组试验,以不施生物有机肥为对照,设3个处理,研究不同生物有机肥施肥方式下食用木薯的生长情况、产量、品质的变化,探讨增施生物有机肥对食用木薯的产量及品质的影响,为食用木薯高产栽培技术研究和品质的改良提供理论依据。结果表明：增施生物有机肥可有效提高株高、茎粗、块根膨大期的SPAD值和块根形成期、块根膨大期的光合速率,并通过提高薯粗和薯数2个产量构成因子来增加块根的产量,对提高淀粉、蛋白质、干物质、可溶性糖的含量、支链淀粉/直链淀粉的比值、块根的综合品质也有促进作用,但对块根形成期的SPAD值、薯长、收获指数、粗纤维的影响较小;此外,相关性分析结果显示：在一定的范围内,生物有机肥施肥总量与产量及品质均呈正相关关系,且大部分相关系数均达到显著或极显著水平。综上所述,增施生物有机肥可提高食用木薯的光合作用,促进其生长,提高块根产量,有效改善了块根的品质,建议的施肥方式是在基肥和幼苗期各增施一次生物有机肥,施用量分别为3000、1500 kg/hm ²。

The Effect of Increasing Bio-organic Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Edible-cassava

A randomized block test with three experimental treatments using no bio-organic fertilizer as CK was undertaken to reveal change of growth situation, yield and quality of edible cassava in different fertilization mode, and to provide a theoretical foundation for high yield and quality cultivation. Results showed that applying bio-organic fertilizer could increase the plant height, stem diameter, SPAD in root formative period, the photosynthetic rate in root formative period and root expand period, and it could increase yield by improving tuberous root thickness and tuberous root number. It could also promote the content of starch, protein, dry matter, soluble sugar, the ratio of branch/chain starch, and the comprehensive quality of roots. However, the effect on SPAD value, potato length, harvest index and crude fiber of tuber was small. In addition, the correlation analysis results showed that the total fertilization amount of biological organic fertilizer was positively correlated with the yield and quality, and most of the correlation coefficients reached significant or extremely significant level. In summary, the conclusion is drawn that the application of bio-organic fertilizer can improve the photosynthesis of cassava to promote its growth, increase the yield of tubers, and effectively improve the quality of tubers. The optimal fertilization way is increasing bio-organic fertilizer application in the basal and seedling, and the rate of fertilizer application is respectively 3000 kg/hm ² and 1500 kg/hm ².