基于形态学特征和psbA-trnH叶绿体编码基因序列明确五指山野生茶的分类地位

海南的野生茶树在植物形态分类学上,在植物分类上一般都认为属于普洱茶（Camellia sinensis var. assamica）,也有人认为是白毛茶（Camellia sinensis var. pubilimba）。五指山市以水满乡为代表,是海南野生茶分布的集中地区,为了进一步明确五指山市的野生茶分类地位,本研究通过在五指山市境内8个居群的野生茶植株的观察和测量。结果表明,五指山市野生茶树与茶（原变种）、普洱茶和白毛茶（茶的变种）等相比较,在形态方面,五指山市野生茶树更为接近普洱茶,但也有明显的区别,五指山市野生茶的叶子要比普洱茶、白毛茶的叶子大,侧脉稍多;从花形态分析,普洱茶的花瓣多为6~7枚,白毛茶为5~6枚,五指山市野生茶都是5枚。psbA-trnH叶绿体编码基因序列测序结果进一步表明,8个居群的五指山市的野茶30个样品为独立的一组,与普洱茶、白毛茶并列。我们认为五指山市野生茶也可确定为茶（原变种）的另一个变种,因此,命名为海南五指山水满茶（Camellia sinensis (Linnaeus) Kuntze var. shuiman F.Su and X.B.Yang）,简称水满茶。

The Classification Status of Wuzhishan Wild Tea Based on Morphological Features and psbA-trnH Chloroplast Encoding Gene Sequence

The wild tea in Hainan Island was regarded Camellia sinensis var. assamica (CSA) or C. sinensis var. pubilimba (CSB). The concentrated distribution area of the tea is Shuimanxiang, Wuzhishan. In order to further clarify the classification status of the tea, the wild tea plants of eight communities were studied. The morphological characteristics of the tea were closer to CSA than CSB. But there were also obvious differences, since the leaves of the tea was larger than that of CSA and CSB, the side veins of the tea was slightly more than that of CSA and CSB, and the petals of the tea, CSB and CSA was 5, 5-6 and 6-7, correspondingly. The sequence of the psbA-trnH chloroplast coding gene showed that the 30 samples of the eight communities of the tea was an independent group, which is parallel to CSA and CSB. So, the wild tea could also be identified as another variety of C. sinensis. It was named as Camellia sinensis (Linnaeus) Kuntze var. shuiman F. Su and X. B. Yang, short for Shuiman Tea.